Leys - Vitamins Flashcards
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are ____ soluble
fat
Vitamins B and C are _____ soluble
water
______ soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body
fat
Measurements of vitamin levels in the blood relate more to _____ intake than to _____ _____ ______
recent overal body status
____ soluable vitamins act as _____ in many metabolic pathways
water coenzymes
The body has no storage capacity for ____ soluble vitamins, except ____
water B12
Evidence is emerging that suggests an excess of some ___ vitamins can be toxic
B
Most vitamins are ______ before they become active
modified
Vitamin ____ is a coenzyme for carboxylations
B1
Vitamins ________ are a coenzyme for oxidoreductases
B2/B3
Vitamin _______ is a coenzyme for transaminases
B6
_______ is a coenzyme for carboxylases
biotin
_________ and vitamin _____ are coenzymes for single carbon transfers
folic acid/B12
Lack of ______ causes angular stomatitis
riboflavin
Eating raw egg whites can cause ____ deficiency
biotin
____ ____ is needed, indirectly, for DNA synthesis
folic acid
Inhibitors of _____ ________ are used for antibiotics (trimethoprim) and cancer therapy (methotrexate)
folate reduction
There is an increased demand of _____ _____ during pregnancy
folic acid
____ ____ deficiency is one of the most common deficiencies
folic acid
The function of ____ ___ and vitamin ____ are interrelated
folic acid B12
Vitamin _____ is concentrated in the _______
B12 liver
Vitamin ____ deficiency causes scurvy resulting in defective _______ synthesis, and it also impairs _______ function
C collagen immune
______ soluble vitamins are not as readily absorbed as ______ soluble vitamins
fat water
Some fat soluble vitamins such as ___ and ___ can be _____ in excess
A and D toxic
Vitamin ____ is teratogenic and should be avoided during pregnancy
A
______ ____ is a signaling molecule that interacts with ligand-activated transcription factors
retinoic acid
Deficiency of vitamin ____ causes night blindness
A
Vitamin _____ regulates calciu and phosphorous homeostasis
D
The majority of vitamin ___ is produced by UV exposure of the skin; therefore people of northern climates have a hard time getting sufficient amounts in the winter
D
Deficiency of vitamin ____ causes demineralization of the bones with increases susceptibility to fractures and caries in children
D
Vitamin ____ is necessary for blood coagulation
K
C3H6O3
lactic acid
