STI Flashcards
What is a sexually transmissible microbe?
A virus, bacteria or protozoan which can be spread by sexual contact
What is an STI?
An infection by a pathogen which is sexually transmissible and which is unlikely to be transmitted by non-sexual means
What is an STD?
a disorder of structure or function caused by a sexually transmitted pathogen
What are the characteristics of an STI?
They’re transmissible, asymptomatic, manageable but not all curable, avoidable
What are the forms of sexual contact?
Mutual masturbation, touching someone else’s genitals, oral sex, vaginal sex, anal sex, group sex
What STI is transmissible from genital contact only?
Pubic lice
Scabies
Warts
Herpes
What STI is commonly acquired from group sex?
Hep C
What are the systemic symptoms of STIs?
Fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, malaise
What are some adverse effects of STI’s?
Infertility, cancer, adverse pregnancy symptoms, death
What is Gonorrhoea?
STI caused by Nisseria gonnorhoeae
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea in men?
10% have no symptoms
Thick, profuse yellow discharge, dysuria
Rectal and pharyngeal infection often asymptomatic
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea in women?
> 50% have no symptoms
Vaginal discharge, dysuria or intermenstrual/post-coital bleeding
What are the complications gonorrhoea?
Male - Epididymitis
Female - PID, Bartholin’s abscess
Both - acute monoarthritis in elbow in shoulder, skin lesions
What is the incubation period of gonorrhoea ?
Average 5-6 days
2 days - 2 weeks
How is gonorrhoea diagnosed?
NAAT or urine swab from an exposed site - vagina, rectum, throat
Gram stained smear from urethra/cervix/rectum in symptomatic people
Culture swab of exposed site
How is gonorrhoea treated?
Ceftriaxone
How is gonorrhoea followed up?
Test at 2 weeks for cure
Test for reinfection at 3 months
What is chlamydia caused by
?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What symptoms are present in chlamydia ?
Men
- >70% asymptomatic
Watery discharge, dysuria
Women
- >80% asymptomatic
Vaginal discharge, dysuria, intermenstrual/post-coital bleeding
Both - conjunctivitis
What are the complications of chlamydia?
Men - epididymitis
Women - PID, ectopic pregnancy, infertility
Both - reactive arthritis
How is chlamydia diagnosed?
First void in men
Self taken swab from cervix,urethra and rectum
NAAT
How is chlamydia treated?
Doxycycline 100mg bd 1 week
Azithromycin 1g if pregnant
What is herpes caused by?
HSV 1 and 2
What are the symptoms of herpes?
80% have no symptoms
Burning,itching then blistering then tender ulceration
Tender inguinal lymphadenopathy
Flu like symptoms
Dysuria, neuralgic pain in back, pelvis and legs
What are the complications of herpes?
Autonomic neuropathy
What is the incubation period of herpes ?
5 days to months
How is herpes diagnosed?
Clinical impression
Swab from lesion taking PCR
Treatment of herpes
Primary outbreak
- aciclovir and lidocaine ointment
Infrequent recurrence - lidocaine ointment
Frequent - aciclovir
What is the cause of trichomoniasis ?
Trichomonas vaginalis
What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis ?
Men - usually asymptomatic
Women - 10-30% asymptomatic
Profuse thin vaginal discharge - greenish, frothy, foul smelling, vulvitis
What are the complications of trichomoniasis?
Miscarriage and preterm labour
What is the treatment of trichomoniasis?
Metronidazole
What is the cause of anogenital warts?
HPV types 6 and 11
What are the symptoms of anogenital warts?
Lumps with a surface of a small cauliflower, itching or bleeding
How are anogential warts diagnosed?
biopsy
What is the treatment for anogenital warts?
Podophyllotoxin
Imiquimod
Diathermy
What is the cause of syphilis ?
Treponema pallidum
What are the stages of syphilis ?
Primary - chancre
Secondary - rash, mucosal ulceration, neuro symptoms
Tertiary - neurological, CV or gummatous skin lesions
What are the complications of syphilis?
Neurosyphilis
What is the incubation period of syphilis?
9-90 days until appearance of chancre
What is the treatment of syphilis?
benzathine penicillin or doxycycline
