Repro Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
What makes up the superior pelvic aperture?
A
Sacral promontory, ala of the sacrum, acruate line of the ilium, pecten pubis, pubic tubercle, pubic crest and pubic symphysis
2
Q
What makes up the inferior pelvic aperture?
A
Inf. margin of pubis symphysis, inferior rami of pubis, sacrotuberous ligaments, tip of the coccyx
3
Q
What makes up the true pelvis?
A
pubic symphysis, sacrum, coccyx, superior rami of pubis and ischium
4
Q
What makes up the false pelvis?
A
Ilium and ala of sacrum
5
Q
Compare the greater pelvis of a male and female?
A
F - Shallow
M - Deep
6
Q
Compare the lesser pelvis of a male and female?
A
F - Shallow and Wide
M - Deep and Narrow
7
Q
Compare the pelvic inlet of a female and male?
A
F - oval shaped
M - heart shaped
8
Q
Compare the pelvic outlet of a male and female?
A
F- larger
M - smaller
9
Q
Compare the subpubic angle of a male and female?
A
F = >90 degrees M = <90 degrees
10
Q
Compare the obturator foramen of a male and female?
A
F - Oval
M - Round
11
Q
Compare the acetabulum of a male and female?
A
F - Small
M - Large
12
Q
What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?
A
a synovial plane joint
13
Q
What type of joint is the pubis symphysis?
A
secondary cartilaginous
14
Q
What makes up the antero-inferior wall of the pelvic cavity?
A
bodies and rami of pubic bones and the pubic symphysis
15
Q
Which muscle occupies the lateral pelvic wall?
A
the obturator internus
16
Q
Which muscle occupies the posterior wall of the pelvis?
A
piriformus
17
Q
Where does the sacral plexus lie ?
A
the posterior wall of the pelvis
18
Q
What two muscles make up the main parts of the pelvic floor?
A
Levator ani and the coccygeus
19
Q
What are the functions of the pelvic diaphragm?
A
support of abdominopelvic viscera
resistance to increases in intra-pelvic/abdominal pressure
urinary and fecal continence
20
Q
what is the innervation of the pelvic floor?
A
s2,3,4
21
Q
Which 5 veins drain the pelvis?
A
internal iliac, superior rectal, median sacral, gonadal and internal vertebral v. plexus
22
Q
Which part of rectum drains into the portal circulation?
A
Sup, rectal veins
23
Q
Which parts of rectum drains into the systemic circulation?
A
middle and inferior rectal veins
24
Q
which venous plexus does the prostatic plexus come into contact with?
A
The vertebral venous plexus
25
Where does the ilioinguinal nerve originate from?
l1
26
Where does the genitofemoral nerve originate from ?
l1-l2
27
Where does the ilioinguinal nerve enter the inguinal ring?
the superficial inguinal ring
28
Where does the genitofemoral nerve enter the inguinal ring ?
the deep inguinal ring
29
What structures in the male are supplied by the genital branch of the genito-femoral nerve?
cremaster muscles and anterior scrotal skin
30
Where does the pudendal nerve arise from?
the sacral plexus
31
What bony landmark is used to perform a pudendal nerve block?
Ischial spines
32
What do the external iliac lymph nodes drain?
Superior parts of pelvic organs
33
What do the internal iliac lymph nodes drain?
gluteal region, deep perineum, inferior pelvic viscera
34
What do the sacral lymph nodes drain?
postero-inferior pelvic viscera
35
What do the common iliac lymph nodes drain?
Drain the sacral, external and internal iliac lymph nodes
36
What makes up the male internal reproductive organs?
The testis, vas deferens, seminal glands, prostate, epididymis, bulbourethral glands
37
What makes up the spermatic cord?
Arteries, nerves, venous plexus and the spermatic cord
38
What is the tough outer fibrous layer of the testis?
Tunica albiginea
39
What is the peritoneal sac that covers the testes known as?
The tunica vaginalis
40
At what vertebral level do testicular arteries arise from the abdominal aorta?
l2
41
What is the name of the 8-12 anastamosing veins associated with the testis?
the pampiniform plexus
42
What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?
Temperature regulation in the testes
43
Where does the right testicular vein drain into?
The IVC
44
Where does the left testicular vein drain into?
The left renal vein
45
Which two lymph node groups receive lymph from the testis?
Lumbar and para-aortic lymph nodes
46
What is the Vas Deferens?
A muscular tube which arises from the tail of the epididymis, transverses the inguinal canal and enters the penis by crossing the over external iliac vessels
47
Where does the Vas Deferens terminate?
The seminal gland from the ejaculatory duct
48
Where are the seminal vesicles located?
Posterior surface of the bladder
49
What secretions are produced by seminal vesicles?
Fibrinogen, alkaline fluid, prostaglandins, clotting factors, fructose
50
Describe the location of the prostate gland?
The inferior part of the bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra
51
What secretions are produced by the prostate?
Zinc, PSA, Proteolytic Enzymes
52
What are cowpers gland?
small structures located in the urogenital diaphragm which empty into the spongy urethra
53
What do cowpers glands secrete?
Mucous containing glycoproteins
54
What lymph vessels drain the prostate?
Internal iliac and sacral nodes
55
What lymph vessels drain the seminal vesicles?
Internal and external iliac nodes
56
What lymph vessels drain the scrotum?
Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes
57
What lymph vessels drain the penis?
Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes
58
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
59
What is the normal position of the uterus?
Anteflexed and anteverted
60
What are the fornices of the vagina?
Superior portions of the vagina which extend into recesses of cervix
61
Through which fornix can you access the retrouterine pouch?
posterior fornix
62
What ligaments attach the uterus and cervix to the pelvis?
Ligament of ovary
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Round ligament of uterus
Broad ligament
63
What is the cardinal ligament of the uterus?
Lateral cervical ligament
64
Name the 4 parts of the uterine tubes?
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Fimbrae
Intramural part
65
What part of the uterine tube is the longest and widest?
Ampulla
66
Which part of the uterine tube does fertilisation occur?
Ampulla
67
What ligaments join the uterus to the ovary?
Ovarian ligament
68
What ligaments join the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall?
Suspensory ligament
69
At what vertebral level do the gonadal arteries originate?
L2
70
Describe the location of the ovarian artery?
Ovarian artery descends within the suspensory ligament to supply the ovaries via the broad ligament
71
Where do the left and right gonadal veins drain?
Left - Left renal vein
| Right - IVC
72
Where does the uterine artery travel?
It crosses over the ureter at the level of the ischial spine at the junction of the cervix and lateral part of fornix of vagina
73
Lymph from the labia and the distal part of the vagina drain into which lymph nodes?
Superficial Inguinal lymph nodes
74
Which group of lymph nodes recieves lymph from the ovary?
Para-aortic lymph nodes
75
What drains the fundus and the upper uterine body?
Pre-aortic group of lymph nodes
76
What drains the rest of the uterine body?
Lumbar lymph nodes
77
What drains the uterine cervix and upper vagina?
The internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes
78
What drains the lower vagina?
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
79
How many lobules does each breast contain?
15-25 lobes with tubulo-acinar glands and stroma
80
Describe the anatomical position of the breast?
Breast extends vertically from the 2nd to the 6th rib and horizontally from lateral border of the sternum to mid-axillary line
81
What muscles lay deep to the breast?
Pectoralis major and minor, latissimus dorsi and the intercostal muscles
82
The branches of which blood vessels supply the breast?
Subclavian
| Axillary arteries
83
Name the groups of lymph nodes which drain the breast?
Axillary, parasternal, supraclavicular, posterior intercostal, pectoral
84
Which group of lymph nodes receive lymph from the lateral quadrant of breast tissue?
The axillary
85
List four functions of the placenta?
Gaseous exchange
Thermo-regulation
Waste elimination
Nutrient uptake
86
When does the placenta physiologically separate from the uterine wall?
Third stage of labour after delivery of the fetus
87
What is the function of the umbilical arteries in fetal circulation?
Supplies deoxygenated blood from foetus --> placenta
88
Which umbilical vein persists during circulation?
Unpaired umbilical vein
89
What is the function of the umbilical veins in fetal circulation?
Carries oxygenated blood from placenta --> fetus
90
What is the fascia that runs between the left and right sides of the pubic arch, below the pubic symphysis?
The ischioanal triangle
91
What muscles lie in the perineum?
The external anal sphincter
The superficial transverse perineal muscle
Bulbospongiosus
Ischiospongiosus
92
What muscles lie in the perineum?
The external anal sphincter
The superficial transverse perineal muscle
Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus
93
What is the innervation and main action of the external anal sphincter?
Branch of pudendal nerve
| To keep the anal canal and orifice closed
94
What is the innervation and main action of the bulbospongiosus?
```
Deep branch of the perineal nerve
Empties urethra (males) or clenches vagina (females)
```
95
What is the innervation and main action of the ischiocavernosus?
Pudendal nerve
| Assists bulbospongiosus
96
What is the innervation and main action of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?
Pudendal
| constricts urethra and vagina, maintains urinary continence
97
What is the innervation and main action of the deep transverse perineal muscle?
Pudendal nerve
98
What is the innervation and main action of the external urethral sphincter?
Ischiopubic rami
| Compresses urethra to maintain urinary incontinence
99
What is the perineal body?
Central tendon of perineum
100
What muscles converge towards the perineal body?
Levator ani, superficial and deep transverse perineal muscle, bulbospongiosus, external anal and external urethral sphincter
101
Where is the external urethral sphincter found?
The superficial perineal space
102
Is the external urethral sphincter voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary
103
What is the external urethral sphincter supplied by?
s2-s4
104
What is the innervation of the internal urethral sphincter?
T10-L2
105
Name the three parts of the male urethra?
Prostatic, Membranous and Spongy urethra
106
What is the widest part of the male urethra?
Prostatic part
107
What is the narrowest part of the male urethra?
Membranous part
108
What makes up the pudendal canal?
The internal pudendal artery, internal pudendal vein, the pudendal nerve
