Female Physiology

Question 1

What is oogenesis?

Answer 1

The creation and production of oocytes

Question 2

What occurs in the first 7 months of oogenesis?

Answer 2

Oogonia die and some divide via meiosis to produce primary oocytes

Question 3

To which phase of meiosis do primary oocytes divide to?

Answer 3

Prophase until diplotene phase where they are held until puberty

Question 4

When is meiosis continued ?

Answer 4

At the onsite of puberty

Question 5

How many oocytes mature and ovulate?

Answer 5

400

Question 6

What type of oocytes are capable of fertilisation?

Answer 6

Secondary oocytes

Question 7

When are females at their most fertile ?

Answer 7

19 - 31 years old

Question 8

Which stage of ovum development and maturity is independent on FSH?

Answer 8

Development from an oocyte to a primordial follicle to a primary follicle

Question 9

Which stage of ovum development and maturity is dependent on FSH?

Answer 9

Development of a primary follicle to a theca cell to a mature follicle into ovulation

Question 10

What occurs after ovulation?

Answer 10

The corpus luteum and the corpus albicans develops

Question 11

What is female reproduction reliant on?

Answer 11

THE HPO AXIS, HORMONES, THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND THE OVARIAN CYCLE

Question 12

Explain the HPO axis?

Answer 12

Hypothalamus releases GnRH which stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH which triggers the ovaries to release oestrogen, progesterone and ova

Question 13

What does GnRH do?

Answer 13

Stimulates LH and FSH section from Ant. Pituitary

Question 14

What does FSH do?

Answer 14

Stimulates follicular recruitment and development

Question 15

What does LH do?

Answer 15

Maintains dominant follicle induces follicular maturation and ovulation. Stimulates the Corpus Luteum function

Question 16

What is the function of oestradiol?

Answer 16

Supporsts secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive organs

Negative feedback control of LH and GnRH

Positive control of LH surge

Negative control of FSH

Question 17

What is the function of progesterone?

Answer 17

To maintain secretory endometrium, -ve feedback control of HPO

Question 18

When ovarian follicle is growing, what happens to LH and FSH levels?

Answer 18

FSH levels are higher than LH levels to permit for follicle growth

Question 19

What happens during the LH spike?

Answer 19

The mature follicle forms the CL

Question 20

When does ovulation occur in the FSH and LH cycle?

Answer 20

36 hours after the LH surge

Question 21

For how long into pregnancy does the CL produce progesterone?

Answer 21

12-13 Weeks

Question 22

At the start of the cycle, what occurs to oestrogen and progesterone?

Answer 22

Oestrogen levels are higher than progesterone

Question 23

When are progesterone levels higher than oestrogen levels?

Answer 23

During ovulation

Question 24

What occurs as oestrogen levels rise?

Answer 24

Menstruation

Question 25

When is the endometrium at its thickest?

Answer 25

During ovulation

Question 26

What is the function of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 26

- Release a mature ovum each month - Prepare the uterine lining for pregnancy, which occurs if the egg is fertilised - Menstruation occurs if no pregnancy is established, thus refreshing the cycle

Question 27

What are the systemic effects of oestrogen?

Answer 27

``` Protein metabolism Carb Metabolism Lipid metabolism Water and electrolyte balance Blood clotting ```

Question 28

What factor affects fertility the most?

Answer 28

Age

Question 29

When is the follicle number the greatest?

Answer 29

Just before birth

Question 30

When does fertility end?>

Answer 30

roughly 41 years

Question 31

When is the menopause?

Answer 31

roughly 51 years

Question 32

What are the 4 stages of pregnancy?

Answer 32

- OVULATION - FERTILISATION - CELL DIVISION - IMPLANTATION