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Reproduction > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

Define method failure

A

pregnancy despite correct use by user

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2
Q

Define user failure

A

pregnancy because method not used correctly by user

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3
Q

When do women ovulate?

A

Likely to ovulate on day 12-18

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4
Q

How long does an egg survive ?

A

24hours

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5
Q

How long do sperm survive?

A

4 days

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6
Q

What two hormones make up the combined pill?

A

Ethinyl estradiol and progestin

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7
Q

What is the affect of the combined pill on cervical mucus and endometrium?

A

it stops ovulation and thickens cervical mucus

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8
Q

How is the combined pill taken?

A

Taken daily for 21 days with 7 days hormone free

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9
Q

When is the combined patch changed?

A

Weekly

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10
Q

When is the combined ring changed?

A

every three weeks

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11
Q

Besides contraception, why would the combined pill be taken?

A

Regulates bleeding, stops ovulation and helps PMS, Reduces functional ovarian cysts, improves acne/hirsutism,, reduction in ovarian and endometrial cancer, benign breast disease, Rheum.Arthritis, colon cancer and osteoporosis

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12
Q

What are the side effects of the combined pill?

A

Breast tenderness, nausea, headache, irregular bleeding for first three months, affects mood, weight gain

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13
Q

What are the risks involved in taking the combined pill?

A

Increased risk of venous and arterial thrombosis
Avoid if active gall bladder disease
Increased risk of cervical/breast cancer

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14
Q

How is the progesterone only pill taken?

A

same time every day without a pill-free interval

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15
Q

What type of progesterone only pill has a 12 hour window?

A

Desogestrel

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16
Q

What type of mini pill has a 3 hour window?

A

LNG NET pill

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17
Q

What are the side effects of the mini pill?

A 
Appetite gain
Hair loss/gain
Bloating/fluid retention
Headache 
Mood change
Acne
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18
Q

How is injectable progestogen administered ?

A

Injection by GP into buttock every 13 weeks

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19
Q

How does the progestogen injection prevent pregnancy?

A

Prevents ovulation, makes cervical mucus hostile to sperm, makes endometrium unsuitable for implantation

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20
Q

What side effects does the injection carry?

A

Delay of 9months in return to fertility

Reversible reduction in bone density

Problematic bleeding in first two doses

21
Q

How much weight can women gain whilst using injectable progestogen?

A

2-3kg

22
Q

How does the implant function?

A

Inhibits ovulation. Lasts 3 years

23
Q

What side effect is more common in the implant than in any other method of contraception?

A

mood changes

24
Q

How long does The Coil last for?

A

5-10 years

Low risk of expulsion, infection and perforatiom

25
Q

What form of contraception is The Coil?

A

LARC

26
Q

If a pregnancy occurs whilst using the coil, what could happen?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

27
Q

How does the Copper IUD work?

A

It acts as a spermacide

it is hormone free

28
Q

What is a side effect of the copper IUD?

A

Makes periods heavier/crampier

29
Q

How does Levonorgestrel IUS function?

A

Slow release of progesterone which still allows for ovulation but affects cervical mucus and endometrium

30
Q

What brand of IUS can treat heavy menstrual bleeding?

A

Mireena (lasts 5 years)

31
Q

What brand of IUS is bleeding still possible ?

A

Kyleena (5 years) and Jaydess (3 years) as they contain less hormones

32
Q

When in the cycle should a woman start contraception?

A

First 5days in cycle will result in immediate protection

33
Q

What is the most effective form of emergency contraception?

A

the copper IUD

34
Q

When can levonorgestrel be taken?

A

up to 27 hours after intercourse

35
Q

When ulipristal be taken?

A

up to 120 hours after intercourse

36
Q

If contraception is not taken within the first 5 days of the cycle, what should the patient do?

A

Use a secondary form of contraception for 7 days and a pregnancy test after 4 weeks

37
Q

After delivering a baby, how many days does it take before you can get pregnant again?

A

21 days after delivery

38
Q

After miscarriage/abortion, how many days does it take before you can get pregnant again?

A

5 days after

39
Q

When is breast feeding contraceptive?

A

Breast feeding is only contraceptive in first 6 months IF FEEDING EVERY 4 HOURS AND MOTHER IS AMENORRHOEIC

40
Q

Describe the procedure behind female sterilisation?

A

Laproscopic procedure with filshie clips attached across tube to block lumen

Procedure is irreversible

41
Q

What does female sterilisation reduce the risk of?

A

Ovarian cancer, especially with salpingectomy

42
Q

How is a vasectomy performed?

A

Vas Deferens is divides and cauterised via a small incision in midline of scrotum

43
Q

How long is it until a vasectomy is successful?

A

4-5 months

44
Q

Why is a vasectomy irreversible ?

A

anti sperm antibodies will have formed, even if the tubes are reconnected

45
Q

How many women in the UK terminate pregnancy?

A

1in3 women

46
Q

What is the most common age group for termination of pregnancy?

A

ages 20-24

47
Q

How is a surgical abortion carried out?

A
  • Cervical priming – misoprostol 3hours preop helps dilation and reduces risk perforation/haemorrhage
  • GA or LA cervical block
  • Transcerival – 6-10mm suction catheter
48
Q

How is a medical procedure carried out?

A
  • Mifepristone oral tablet given
  • Misoprostol taken 36-48 hours later which initiates uterine contraction, opens cervix and expels pregnancy
  • Average 4-6 hours to expel pregnancy <12 weeks

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