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Hugh's MD1 Endo > Steroids > Flashcards

Steroids Flashcards

1
Q

Name the sex steroids

A

Androgens

Estrogens

Progestagens

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1
Q

What is the receptor for testosterone?

A

Nuclear androgen receptor

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2
Q

What does Leuprolide do?

A

Lowers testosterone

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2
Q

What is the primary mineralocorticoid?

A

Aldosterone

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2
Q

What is the physiological effect of aldosterone?

A

Increased reabsorption of sodium and water > increase blood volume and pressure

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3
Q

What is the precursor steroid of oestrogen?

A

Testosterone

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4
Q

What does Corticotropin releasing hormone control?

A

Corticosteroids

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5
Q

Which P450 eliminates steroids?

A

CYP3A4

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6
Q

In general terms, how do glucocorticosteroids depress the immune system?

A

Inhibit cytokine production

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6
Q

Which steroid does dexamethasone mimic?

A

Cortisol

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7
Q

What are androgens?

A

The class of steroids that control male development - eg testosterone

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8
Q

Do women produce testosterone?

A

Yes - a small quantity in the ovaries and placenta

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9
Q

When is cyproterone acetate indicated?

A

Hirsutism in females

Male to female sex change

  • as it blocks the effect of testosterone
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10
Q

What are the effects of exogenous anabolic steroids?

A

Increase production of actin and myosin

Block the protein catabolism by cortisol

Increase BMR to reduce fat

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11
Q

What is cyproterone acetate?

A

A synthetic steroid inhibitor of androgen receptor

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12
Q

What stimulates cortisol synthesis and release?

A

ACTH

14
Q

What are the controllers of aldosterone production?

A

Angiotensin II

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

Local K levels

15
Q

What are the physiological effects of cortisol?

A

Stimulate protein catabolism

Inhibit protein synthesis

Increases blood glucose level

Inhibits the utilisation of glucose by adipose tissue

Facilitates lipid breakdown in major adipose tissue to FAs

Promotes weight gain by stim. appetite and excessive eating

16
Q

Which part of the adrenal gland produces cortisol?

A

Zona fasciculata

16
Q

What is tested for in pregnancy tests?

A

hCG - human chorionic gonadotropin

18
Q

How are sex steroid levels altered in breast and prostate cancer treatment?

A

They are lowered

19
Q

Where in the cell does squalene get converted into cholesterol?

A

ER

20
Q

What is the major glucocorticoid steroid?

A

Cortisol

22
Q

Where is aldosterone produced?

A

The adrenal cortex

23
Q

Where is GnRH released?

A

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone - the hypothalamus

24
Q

What is the name of the important enzymes in the cholesterol synthesis pathway?

A

HMG-CoA reductase

25
Q

Which steroid is indicated in asthma?

A

Prednisolone

26
Q

What is the carrier molecule for sex steroid in the blood?

A

Sex-hormone binding globulin

27
Q

What is 17beta-estradiol?

A

The primary female sex hormone - comes from progesterone

29
Q

What are the types of corticosteriods?

A

Glucocorticords and mineralocorticoids

29
Q

How are signals from steroids transducted in their target cells?

A

Binding to nuclear receptors and changing gene expression

30
Q

Which cells produce testosterone?

A

Leydig

32
Q

Which steroid is the most abundant?

A

Cholesterol

34
Q

What is Beclomethasone nasal spray indicated for?

A

Treat nasal symptoms of allergies

35
Q

What is difference between the signal transduction of sex steroids and adrenal steroids?

A

Adrenal steroids bind to a cytoplasmic receptor which is inhibited by a heat shock protein

The sex steroids bind to a nuclear receptor in the nucleus that isn’t inhibited

36
Q

What is leuprorelin? What is its physiological effect?

A

An analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone - blocks the stimulation of its receptor therefore blocking stimulation of secretion of LH and FSH

37
Q

What does Tamoxifen do?

A

Partial agonist of oestrogen receptor in

Uterus, bone and CVS

Antagonist in breast and CNS

38
Q

What does renin do?

A

Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Hugh's MD1 Endo (14 decks)

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