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Hugh's MD1 Endo > Anatomy of the Neck > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the membrana tectoria sit?

A

Posterior wall of the vertebral bodies

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2
Q

At what vertebral level does the CCA bificate?

A

C4

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3
Q

Are prolapses more common in the cervical or lumbar spine?

A

Lumbar

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3
Q

Which ligament connects the atlas and occiput?

A

The posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

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4
Q

What is the name of the fascia that surrounds the centre layer of bones and muscles?

A

Prevertebral layer

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5
Q

What are the 5 surface regions of the neck from anterior to posterior?

A

Anterior triangle

Root of the neck and Sternomastoid region

Posterior triangle

Back of the neck/vertebral region

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5
Q

What structures run in the carotid sheath?

A

The carotid artery

The internal jugular vein

The vagus nerve

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5
Q

Why does the head drop forward when people fall asleep in lectures?

A

Because the centre of gravity is infront of the cervical spine

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5
Q

Where are the anterior and posterior tubercles located?

A

Ant and post to the transverse foraminae

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6
Q

Where and what types are the joints atlanto-occipital joints?

A

Lateral aspect of the atlas

Synovial

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7
Q

What do you call it when the first rib articulates with C7 instead of T1?

A

Cranial shift

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7
Q

What movement occurs at the atlanto-occipital joints?

A

Nodding

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8
Q

What is the function of the uncinate process of the vertebral bodies?

A

They keep movement in the sagittal plane

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9
Q

At what age does the cervical lordosis appear?

A

6-9 months

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10
Q

Does the spinal nerves of the cervical vertebrae usually travel anterior or posterior to the facet joints?

A

Anterior, except in C1 and C2 where it passes posterior

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11
Q

What is the function of the atlas?

A

“Washer” - allows free movement of the skull on the axis

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12
Q

What is the name of the fascia that surround all the structures of the neck?

A

The investing layer

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12
Q

What structure on the skull does the atlas articulate with?

A

Occipital condyles

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14
Q

How do the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae differ from other vertebrae?

A

They bificate at the end

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15
Q

What runs in the posterior triangle?

A

Veins, nerves and arteries for the upper limb

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16
Q

What can happen to the anterior cartilages of the neck with age?

A

They can ossify

17
Q

Where is the facet for the dens located on the atlas?

A

Anterior arch

17
Q

Which transverse foramen doesn’t the vertebral arteries run in?

A

C7

17
Q

What type of injury are facet joints particularly susceptible to?

A

Hyperextension

18
Q

What is the name of the fascia that surround the vessels and nerves in the neck?

A

The carotid sheath

19
Q

How many joints are there between the atlas and axis?

A

3

  • One median pivot joint between dens and ant arch of atlas
  • Two lateral facet joints
20
Q

Where does the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane sit?

A

Ant aspect of the vertebral bodies

21
Q

What is the name of the fascia that surrounds the trachea and viscera of the neck?

A

The pretracheal layer

23
Q

What makes the scalenus anterior a key landmark in the neck?

A

The brachial plexus, subclavian artery and phrenic nerve run between the scalenus anterior and medius

24
Q

Do the spinal nerves of the cervical spine exit superior or inferior to the transverse processes?

A

Superiorly

24
Q

Which nerve innervates the facet joints?

A

Posterior rami

26
Q

Which cervical vertebrae are considered typical?

A

C3-C6

27
Q

What do cervical ribs form from?

A

Extension of the anterior tubercle of C7

28
Q

What is the function of the alar ligament?

A

Stops the range of rotation of the atlas around the dens

30
Q

Where does the scalenus anterior insert onto the cervical vertebrae?

A

The anterior tubercle

32
Q

What are the uncinate processes of the vertebral bodies?

A

Hook like process that extend from the lateral edges of the body upwards.

33
Q

What does the transverse ligament do?

A

Prevents dens retracting posteriorly into the vertebral canal

35
Q

T/F the articular surfaces of the vertebrae are at 45º angle

A

True

37
Q

Why does pus, blood and infectious materal run up and down in the neck and not laterally?

A

Because the fascia layers prevent that

38
Q

Why are the prevertebral (anterior vertebral) muscles important?

A

Surgents must cut past them during surgery to gain access to the spine

39
Q

What is the major problem with a cervical disc prolapse?

A

Impinging on the spinal cord

41
Q

What do you call it when the 12th rib articulates with L1 instead of T12?

A

Caudal shift

42
Q

What can occur in the cervical vertebrae with age?

A

Osteophytic outgrowths between body and transverse processes that impinge on spinal nerves

44
Q

Why are cervical ribs clinically important?

A

They can cause entrapment of vessels and nerves running through it, particularly the brachial plexus

45
Q

What happens as the intervertebral disc start to decrease in size with age?

A

Osteophytes can connect vertebral body

46
Q

What are the lateral vertebral muscles called?

A

Anterior, medius and posterior scalenus

47
Q

Why is the anterior tubercle of C6 sometime called the carotid tubercle?

A

Because it may impinge on the carotid

48
Q

Which comes first when going down the cervical spine, the atlas or the axis?

A

Atlas

49
Q

Which cervical vertebrae has the longest transverse process

A

The atlas

50
Q

What is the shape of the cervical spine?

A

There is a convex lordosis (facing anteriorly) which is called the cervical lordosis

Hugh's MD1 Endo (14 decks)

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