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Hugh's MD1 Endo > Pituitary Function and Failure, Regulation and Growth > Flashcards

Pituitary Function and Failure, Regulation and Growth Flashcards

1
Q

What are the original cells of the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Glandular epithelial tissue

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2
Q

What are the effects of growth hormone?

A

Metabolic - increase blood FAs and glucose

Soft tissue and skeleton - hyperplasia and hypertrophy

  • increase protein synthesis

Increase IGF from liver

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3
Q

Which aspect of the pituitary is nervous tissue?

A

The posterior pituitary

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4
Q

What does the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system connect?

A

The hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland

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4
Q

What does TSH stand for?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

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5
Q

What is the physiological effect of oxytocin?

A

Breast - milk ejection

Uterus - contraction

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5
Q

What is produced by the pituitary in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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5
Q

What is hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?

A

Deficiency of sex hormones due to deficiency in GnRH or LH and FSH.

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5
Q

What are the three aspects of growth?

A

Net synthesis of proteins

Lengthening of long bones

Increase size and no. of cells in soft tissue

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5
Q

What are the effects of GH deficiency in adults?

A

There are few

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6
Q

What is produced by the pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

Luteinising hormone (LH)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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8
Q

Where are the hormones of the post. pituitary synthesized?

A

In the hypothalamus

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8
Q

What is another name for somatostatin?

A

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone

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9
Q

What does vasopressin do?

A

Increase fluid retention

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10
Q

What are some important determinants of growth?

A

GH

Genetics

Adequate diet

No chronic disease or stressful environment

Normal mix of growth-influencing hormones

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11
Q

When are the peak periods for growth?

A

First 2 years

Adolescence

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12
Q

What occurs in the pubertal growth spurt?

A

Adolescence

Lengthening of long bones

Testosterone and estrogen production

14
Q

Which nuclei provide higher control of the post. pituitary gland?

A

Supraoptic and paraventricular

15
Q

What do LH and FSH act on?

A

Gonads

16
Q

Which hormones does the posterior pituitary produce?

A

Vasopressin/ADH

Oxytocin

17
Q

T/F Growth hormone is the only hormone involved in growth of tissue and skeleton?

A

False, Thyroid hormones too

18
Q

What is Kallman Syndrome?

A

Embryologically gonadrotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) fail to migrate via olfactory pathway causing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and hyposmia or anosmia

20
Q

What is the endocrine cascade for cortisol production?

A

Hypothalamus - Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) > Ant pituitiary - Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) > Adrenal cortex - cortisol

21
Q

What are somatomedins?

A

Insulin-like growth factors

22
Q

What is achondroplasia?

A

The most common form of dwarfism in humans

Due to a fibroplast growth factor receptor 3 mutation

24
Q

Which gland produces cortisol?

A

The adrenal cortex

25
Q

What is GH insensitivity syndrome called?

A

Laron dwarfism

27
Q

Where are the hormones of the post. pituitary stored?

A

In the gland itself

28
Q

What does FSH stand for?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

29
Q

Which organ does ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) act on?

A

The adrenal cortex

31
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A

Stalk connecting the pituitary to the brain

32
Q

What is hyposmia?

A

Loss of smell

33
Q

Where are somatomedins produced?

A

Liver and pancreas

34
Q

Which hormone stimulates milk synthesis?

A

Prolactin

35
Q

How is GH carried in the blood?

A

Half dissolved

Half bound to plasmid protein

36
Q

Which hormones produced by the pituitary are regulated by a stimulating and inhibiting hormone from the hypothalamus?

A

GH

Prolactin (PRL)

37
Q

Which nuclei provide higher control for the ant. pituitary gland?

A

Arcute and other nuclei

38
Q

Which hormone closes the epiphyseal plates of long bones?

A

Estrogen

39
Q

What is another name for GH

A

Somatotropin

40
Q

What does LH stand for?

A

Luteinising hormone

Hugh's MD1 Endo (14 decks)

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