Pituitary Function and Failure, Regulation and Growth Flashcards
What are the original cells of the anterior pituitary gland?
Glandular epithelial tissue
What are the effects of growth hormone?
Metabolic - increase blood FAs and glucose
Soft tissue and skeleton - hyperplasia and hypertrophy
- increase protein synthesis
Increase IGF from liver
Which aspect of the pituitary is nervous tissue?
The posterior pituitary
What does the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system connect?
The hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland
What does TSH stand for?
Thyroid stimulating hormone
What is the physiological effect of oxytocin?
Breast - milk ejection
Uterus - contraction
What is produced by the pituitary in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
What is hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?
Deficiency of sex hormones due to deficiency in GnRH or LH and FSH.
What are the three aspects of growth?
Net synthesis of proteins
Lengthening of long bones
Increase size and no. of cells in soft tissue
What are the effects of GH deficiency in adults?
There are few
What is produced by the pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Where are the hormones of the post. pituitary synthesized?
In the hypothalamus
What is another name for somatostatin?
Growth hormone inhibiting hormone
What does vasopressin do?
Increase fluid retention
What are some important determinants of growth?
GH
Genetics
Adequate diet
No chronic disease or stressful environment
Normal mix of growth-influencing hormones
When are the peak periods for growth?
First 2 years
Adolescence
What occurs in the pubertal growth spurt?
Adolescence
Lengthening of long bones
Testosterone and estrogen production
Which nuclei provide higher control of the post. pituitary gland?
Supraoptic and paraventricular
What do LH and FSH act on?
Gonads
Which hormones does the posterior pituitary produce?
Vasopressin/ADH
Oxytocin
T/F Growth hormone is the only hormone involved in growth of tissue and skeleton?
False, Thyroid hormones too
What is Kallman Syndrome?
Embryologically gonadrotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) fail to migrate via olfactory pathway causing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and hyposmia or anosmia
What is the endocrine cascade for cortisol production?
Hypothalamus - Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) > Ant pituitiary - Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) > Adrenal cortex - cortisol
What are somatomedins?
Insulin-like growth factors
What is achondroplasia?
The most common form of dwarfism in humans
Due to a fibroplast growth factor receptor 3 mutation
Which gland produces cortisol?
The adrenal cortex
What is GH insensitivity syndrome called?
Laron dwarfism
Where are the hormones of the post. pituitary stored?
In the gland itself
What does FSH stand for?
Follicle stimulating hormone
Which organ does ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) act on?
The adrenal cortex
What is the infundibulum?
Stalk connecting the pituitary to the brain
What is hyposmia?
Loss of smell
Where are somatomedins produced?
Liver and pancreas
Which hormone stimulates milk synthesis?
Prolactin
How is GH carried in the blood?
Half dissolved
Half bound to plasmid protein
Which hormones produced by the pituitary are regulated by a stimulating and inhibiting hormone from the hypothalamus?
GH
Prolactin (PRL)
Which nuclei provide higher control for the ant. pituitary gland?
Arcute and other nuclei
Which hormone closes the epiphyseal plates of long bones?
Estrogen
What is another name for GH
Somatotropin
What does LH stand for?
Luteinising hormone
