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Block 6 Week 4 Colt > Sterilization, Disinfection, and Containment - Kozel > Flashcards

Sterilization, Disinfection, and Containment - Kozel Flashcards

1
Q

What is sterilization?

A

use of physical or chemical agents to destroy all microbial forms, INCLUDING SPORES

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2
Q

What is the difference between sterilization and disinfection?

A

Disinfection doesn’t kill microbial spores

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3
Q

What is antisepsis? Are spores killed?

A

chemical agents on the skin or other living tissue to inhibit OR eliminate microbes; NO SPORICIDAL ACTION IMPLIED

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4
Q

WTF is a biocide?

A

general term describing a broad spectrum chemical agent that inactivates microbes

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5
Q

There is an inverse relationship between disinfectant (blank) and time required to kill

A

concentration

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6
Q

What are the factors that play into disinfectant potency?

A
  1. concentration
  2. time
  3. pH–DRAMATIC EFFECTS
  4. temerpature
  5. presence of extraneous materials (can bind or inactivate disinfectant)
  6. the bug itself
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7
Q

As temp increases, killing time (blank)

A

decreases

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8
Q

Try to list out the relative resistances to antiseptics?

A

Prions>crytposporidium (coccidia)>mycobacteria (TB)>cysts (giardia)>small non-enveloped viruses (polio)>trophozoites>gram neg>fungi>large non enveloped viruses>gram pos >lipid enveloped viruses (HIV/HBV)

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9
Q

List the relative disinfectant resistance of viruses?

A

small non enveloped> large non enveloped > lipid enveloped

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10
Q

Ethylene oxide and aldehydes have what MOA?

A

alkylate and cross-link macromolecules (protein, DNA, or RNA)

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11
Q

Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and ethylene oxide are what class of agent?

A

etheylene oxide and aldehydes

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12
Q

What is used in chemical sterilization of equipment?

A

glutaraldehyde

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13
Q

What is used in environmental decon in gasseous form or disolved in water?

A

formaldehyde

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14
Q

What is used as gaseous sterilization of HEAT SENSITIVE materials?

A

ethylene oxide

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15
Q

What is the MOA of oxidizing agents?

A

oxidize proteins and DNA breakage

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16
Q

Ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and peracetic acid are what class of agentz?

A

oxidizing agents

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17
Q

What is used in the disinfection of air systems?

A

ozone!

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18
Q

What is used to clean wounds, disinfect implants and prostheses?

A

H2O2

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19
Q

What the fuck do you use peracetic acid for?

A

its a chemical sterilant for hard surfaces

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20
Q

How do halogens work?

A

oxidize proteins

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21
Q

Is iodine or chlorine a skin disinfectant? and the other?

A

iodine is for skin, chlorine is chemical decon

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22
Q

How do phenolic compounds work?

A

disrupt lipid membranes and denature proteins

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23
Q

Which is in soap and which is a skin disinfectant? Chlorhexidine and Triclosan

A

Chlorhexidine for skin and Triclosan in soap

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24
Q

Quaternary ammonium compounts act as (blank) due to the their amphoteric properties that disrupt membranes

A

surfactants

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25
Q

The actual name of lysol is (blank), a type of quaternary ammonium compound

A

benzalkonium

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26
Q

What do alcohols do?

A

denature proteins

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27
Q

what physiological adaptation gives bugs better resistance to disinfectants?

A

biofilms!

28
Q

Inactivation of chlorhexidine, formaldehyde, and mercurials can be acquired via (blank)

A

plasmids or mutation

29
Q

what chemicals are susceptible to efflux?

A

quaternary ammoniums and chlorhexidine

30
Q

Silver compounds are liable to (blank) form of resistance

A

reduced uptake

31
Q

At what temp do most pathogenic bacteria die?

A

60C

32
Q

At what temp do vegetative forms of all bacteria and fugi die?

A

80C

33
Q

At what temp do spores of pathogens die?

A

100C

34
Q

At what temp do all bacterial spores die?

A

120C

35
Q

At what temp does pasteurization happen?

A

72C

36
Q

At what temp does boiling happen?

A

100C

37
Q

At what temp does the autoclave run?

A

120C

38
Q

At what temp is dry heat used to kill microbes?

A

180C

39
Q

T/F: incineration is always a fun alternative to autoclave

A

truth

40
Q

UV irradiation is used to control (blank) or surface contamination as it has little penetration of solids

A

airborne

41
Q

Ionizing radiation like X rays or gamma rays is used to sterilize (blank)

A

small HEAT SENSITIVE articles

42
Q

Filtration of heat-labile liquids does not remove what?

A

viruses

43
Q

Does HEPA air filtration catch viruses?

A

yes

44
Q

How would you sterilize packages of surgical dressing?

A

autoclave on dry cycle

45
Q

How would you decon liquids from research lab that have live viruses in them?

A

mix with 10% bleach if small volume or autoclave if large volume

46
Q

How would you decon a thermometer in a peds clinic?

A

alcohol

47
Q

How would you sterilize 50 glass flasks containing bacterial culture media?

A

autoclave on slow exhaust cycle

48
Q

How would you sterilize plastic pipettes in their plastic wrappers (heat sensitive)?

A

ionizing radiation

49
Q

How would you dispose of a large quantity of lab glassware that has been contaminated with pathogenic fungi?

A

autoclave

50
Q

How would you sterilize 200ml of tissue culture media (heat labile)?

A

filter sterilization

51
Q

How would you decon a biosafety hood prior to changing HEPA filters?

A

formaldehyde gas for an “environmental” decon

52
Q

How would you disinfect the skin at a lumbar puncture?

A

iodine–need it STERILE

53
Q

How would you disinfect the skin at a venipuncture?

A

alcohol - don’t need it sterile, just cleansed

54
Q

How would you process raw milk?

A

pasteurization

55
Q

How would you decon a lab bench top after routine bacterial culture?

A

amphyl phenolic based disinfectant

56
Q

What is the only BSL that is not separated from general traffic?

A

BSL 1

57
Q

What BSL does not rely on primary or secondary barriers?

A

bSL1

58
Q

T/F: lab personnel must have specific training and supervision of a micro scientist at all BSL levels

A

true

59
Q

HBV, HIV, and slamonellae are what BSL?

A

BSL 2

60
Q

hazard associated with percutaneous exposure, ingestion, or mucous membrane exposure is BSL what?

A

BSL 2

61
Q

Extreme precautions are taken with sharps at BSL what>?

A

BSL 2

62
Q

When do you use a bio safety cabinet in BSL 2?

A

procedures that generate splashes or aerosols

63
Q

T/F: all procedures in BSL 3 are done in a bio safety cabinet

A

true

64
Q

T/F: BSL 3 have the potential for aerosol transmission

A

true

65
Q

T/F: BSL 4 work is contained to BSL 3 safety cabinets

A

true

66
Q

what other measures are needed for BSL 4?

A

if not in fully self contained BSL 3 cabinet, can use BSL 2 with positive pressure suits ventilated by life support

Block 6 Week 4 Colt (10 decks)

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