- RNA enveloped viruses - AuCoin Flashcards
1
Q
What family is rabiesvirus in?
A
Rhabdoviridae
2
Q
Is the RNA dep RNA pol within the capsid or just genome encoded for - RNA viruses?
A
in the capsid
3
Q
By what method are rhabodviruses brought into the cell?
A
endocytosis
4
Q
T/F: rabies can infect all animals
A
true
5
Q
How is rabies transmitted?
A
animal bites
6
Q
How long is the incubation period of rabies virus?
A
2 weeks to a year
7
Q
What phase of rabies is this: Fever, nausea, headache, spread to CNS from muscle
A
prodrome phase
8
Q
What phase of rabies is this: Hydrophobia, anxiety, paralysis, coma, death (~100%)
A
neurologic phase
9
Q
After being bitten, what is the treatment protocol?
A
Administration of BOTH the vaccine AND human rabies IgG
10
Q
What speical type of inclusion bodies does rabies show that is diagnostic?
A
Negri bodies
11
Q
What are the two methods of rabies Dx?
A
cytologic detection of Negri bodies or immunochemical detection of viral antigen in brain tissue
12
Q
Hemorrhagic fever from ebola has what mortality rate?
A
90%
13
Q
What is the likely reservoir for Ebola?
A
bats
14
Q
What is the mode of transmission of ebola?
A
contact with contaminated body fluids
15
Q
How does ebola spread within the body?
A
it infects macrophages and spreads throughout the body
16
Q
The release of cytokines during an Ebola infection causes tissue destruction, leading to increased (blank), hemorrhage, and shock
A
vascular permeability
17
Q
What are the symptoms of severe hemorrhagic fever?
A
sudden fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, and vomiting and diarrhea
18
Q
Bleeding into the skin, mucous membranes, and visceral organs signals what about Ebola?
A
end stage severe hemorrhagic fever
19
Q
What is the cause of death in ebola?
A
multiorgan failure and shock
20
Q
Is there a treatment or vaccine for ebola?
A
nope. sucks to suck.
21
Q
What are the three methods to diagnose ebola?
A
immunoassay, PCR, and serology
22
Q
What is the only virus within the family of orthomyxovirus?
A
influenza
23
Q
How is influenza brought into the cell?
A
receptor mediated endocytosis
24
Q
what is the receptor that allows for flu entry?
A
sialic acid receptor
25
What is unique about the ribonucleoproteins in flu?
they are segmented
26
Where does the influenza genome replicate. Why is this strange?
In the nucleus, even though it is an RNA virus
27
Where is flu mRNA produced? Where is it translated?
made in the nucleus, translated in the cytosol
28
T/F: viral replications proteins made from flu mRNA are moved back into the nucleus
true
29
Where does assembly and budding of flu occur?
at the plasma membrane
30
What is the common capsid/genome structure for -RNA viruses?
E: HELICAL CAPSID: - ssRNA
31
T/F: flu is capable of causing pandemics
true
32
how many people in the US die every year from flu?
36k
33
what is the mode of transmission of flu?
respiratory droplets
34
flu a causes (pandemics/outbreaks), flu b causes (pandemics/outbreaks), and flu C causes milder straings
A: pandemics
B: outbreaks
35
How many antigenic types of HA and N subunits are there for flu A?
HA: 16
N: 9
36
What animals can flu A infect?
birds, chickens, pigs
37
What is the difference between antigenic shift and drift?
shift: reassortment of segments of the RNA genome
drift: small mutations in the RNA genome
38
Antigenic changes to (blank and blank) cause epidemics and pandemics
HA and NA
39
What is the incubation time for flu?
24-48 hours
40
What age group is at extra risk of flu?
elderly
41
diseases of what two organ systems puts you at greater risk of flu infection?
cardiac or pulmonary
42
How long is it until flu symptoms resolve?
4-7 days
43
(blank) may complicate a flu infection
pneumonia
44
Flu immunity depends on secretory Ig(blank) targeting (blank) in the respiratory tract
IgA targeting HA
45
What is the common way of diagnosing flu?
clinical
46
What are the two antivirals for flu?
Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) and Relenza (zanamivir)
47
The flu vaccine contains what two strains?
A and B
48
Super infection of (blank) will cause pneumonia post-influenza infection
staph aureus
49
What is the other virus that shares the same family as Ebola virus?
Marburg virus
50
Measles is in what genus inside of paramyxo?
Morbilivirus
51
what disease is characterized by a maculopapular rash?
measles
52
How is measles transmitted?
respiratory droplets
53
How does measles spread throughout the body?
via macrophages
54
What is the length of the incubation period for measles?
10-14 days
55
What are the initial symptoms of measles?
fever, conjunctivitis, runny nose and cough followed by rash that spreads from face to extremities
56
How does the rash spread in measles?
from face to extremities
57
What are Koplick spots? IN what disease do you see them?
small white spots on inflamed mucosa, seen in measles
58
T/F: encephalitis is a potential complication of measles
true
59
What is in the measles vaccine?
live attenuated virus
60
Croup, laryngitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia in children are all caused by what virus?
Parainfluenza virus (PIV)
61
What is the mode of transmission of PIV?
respiratory droplets
62
what strains of PIV are the most common cause of croup?
PIV 1 and 2
63
What is characterized by a barking cough?
croup
64
T/F: PIV can also cause the common cold and otitis media
true
65
PIV 3 infects the (lower/upper) respiratory tract
lower
66
How do you diagnose PIV infection?>
clinical
67
What causes the barking cough in croup?
Swelling of the trachea and vocal cords, can be seen on xray!
68
Painful swelling of the parotid gland is what disease?
mumps
69
How is mumps transmitted?
respiratory droplets
70
How many serotypes of mumps virus are there?
just one
71
Mumps infects the (upper/lower) respiratory tracts
upper
72
Besides the parotid gland, where else does mumps spread?
testes, ovaries, pancreas, and meninges in some cases
73
Do you diagnose mumps clinically or via the lab?
clinically
74
What is contained in the mumps vaccine?
live attenuated virus
75
What is the most common cause of pneumonia and bronchitis in infants?
Respiratory syncytial virus
76
Neonates, peme's, and infants with cardiopulmonary disease are targets for what virus?
RSV
77
How is RSV transmitted?
respiratory droplets
78
What does RSV cause in adults?
common cold, bronchitis, pneumonia IN THE ELDERLY
79
Infants have a pronounced cough and wheezing (not barking) with what viral infection?
RSV
80
Is there a test to check for RSV?
yes, rapid Ab test
81
What med is recommended for severely ill patients hospitalized with RSV?
Ribavirin
82
What are the immunization options for RSV?
passive Ab immunization
83
70% of bronchiolitis cases are caused by what bug?
RSV
84
What is the CT finding associated with children with RSV?
bilateral perifular fullness
85
What is a sig. cause of acute respiratory disease in infants and children?
Metapneumovirus
86
What is the second leading cause of bronchiolitis in winter months?
metapneumovirus; RSV is first
87
What is the mode of transmission of metapneumovirus?
respiratory droplets
88
Is there treatment for metapneumo?
nope
89
is there a lab test to confirm metapneumo?
PCR of respiratory secretions
90
Which infects younger children, RSV or metapneumo?
RSV: metapneumo infects older children and is less severe
91
What are the two syndromes with hantavirus?
HFRS: fever with renal syndrome
HPS: pulmonary syndrome
92
WHere is HFRS found?
Europe, Asia, and Afrika
93
Where is HPS found? What is the other name for it?
US, SIN NOMBRE VIRUS
94
What is the endemic carrier of HPS in western us (NM, AZ)
deer mice
95
how do you get hantavirus?
inhalation of rodent feces and urine
96
Where does hantavirus replicate?
pulmonary capillary endothelial cells
97
HPS causes flu like symptoms followed by (blank)
respiratory failure
98
what is the mortality rate of HPS?
35%
99
What are the methods for Dx of hantavirus?
RNA in lung tissue, PCR, ChIP, IgM
100
Is there a vaccine for hantavirus?
nope
101
California encephalitis virus is transmitted by what fucking bug?
god damn mosquitoes
102
What CE subtype most often causes encephalitis?
La Crosse Virus--californians like to play LaX!
103
IN what age group and in what season do we see the most cases of CE?
<16y, during the summer
104
Half the patients with CE develop (blanks)
seizures
105
T/F: most patients with CE suffer long term brain damage from the seizures
false; most recover completely. 1% mortality is due to asceptic meningitis
106
T/F: people seropositive for CE are protected against reinfection
true
107
What part of the US do we normally see CE?
Eastern US, WTF!
108
What is the vector for the crimean congo hemorrhagic fever?
tick; seen in aFrica, east europe, and asia
109
what is the mortality rate of crimean congo hem. fever?
3-30%
110
crimean congo hemorrhagic fever causes extensive damage to what organ?
liver damage leading to hepatomegaly
111
T/f: There is a treatment for crimean congo hem. fever
true; ribavirin
112
HOw do you diagnose crimean congo fever?
serology
113
What are the two stages of crimean congo fever?
initial: fever, headache, myalgia, dizziness, and mental confusion
Hemorrhagic phase: bleeding form nose, gi, uterus, respiratory tract
114
Rift valley fever is a mosquito borne virus that infects what animals?
livestock
115
What is the most common route of human infection with Rift valley virus?
zoonotic infection via infected livestock tissue
116
Where do we see most cases of Rift valley virus?
Sub-Saharan africa and Egypt
117
T/F: Rift valley virus complete recovery is common
true
118
retinitis, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fever are complications of (blank)
rift valley fever virus
119
What percent of Rift valley virus patients have complete loss of vision?
1-10%; 1% of pts die
120
How do you Dx rift valley virus?
viral isolation from tissues, serological via ELISA
121
How is Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) transmitted?
aerosol inhalation, ingestion of contaminated food
122
What are the small house pets that are reservoirs for LCM?
hamsters or pet mice (secretions and excretions)
123
T/F: LCM is mostly aysmptomatic
true
124
T/F: aseptic meningitis presents in a minority of LCM patiens
true
125
What Ig(s) do you use to diagnose LCM?
IgM and IgG
126
How is Lassa fever virus transmitted?
aerosol transmission or contact with rodent excretions
127
lassa fever virus can be spread person to person via (blank)
blood, secretions, and excretions
128
Where is lassa fever virus endemic?
Est afrika, lassa, Nigeria
129
T/F: lassa fever virus is normally asymptomatic
false; SEVERE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
130
After lass fever virus enters via a cut in the skin, it replicates in the (blank)
lymph nodes
131
Lassa fever virus develops viremia and spreads throughout the body via (blank)
macrophages
132
Is there a treatment or vaccine for lassa fever virus?
Treatment: ribavirin
| no vaccine
133
How do you diagnose Lassa fever virus?
IgM or IgG
134
Subactue sclerosing panencephalitis is a severe complication of (blank)
measles
