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Block 6 Week 4 Colt > - RNA enveloped viruses - AuCoin > Flashcards

- RNA enveloped viruses - AuCoin Flashcards

1
Q

What family is rabiesvirus in?

A

Rhabdoviridae

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2
Q

Is the RNA dep RNA pol within the capsid or just genome encoded for - RNA viruses?

A

in the capsid

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3
Q

By what method are rhabodviruses brought into the cell?

A

endocytosis

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4
Q

T/F: rabies can infect all animals

A

true

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5
Q

How is rabies transmitted?

A

animal bites

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6
Q

How long is the incubation period of rabies virus?

A

2 weeks to a year

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7
Q

What phase of rabies is this: Fever, nausea, headache, spread to CNS from muscle

A

prodrome phase

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8
Q

What phase of rabies is this: Hydrophobia, anxiety, paralysis, coma, death (~100%)

A

neurologic phase

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9
Q

After being bitten, what is the treatment protocol?

A

Administration of BOTH the vaccine AND human rabies IgG

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10
Q

What speical type of inclusion bodies does rabies show that is diagnostic?

A

Negri bodies

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11
Q

What are the two methods of rabies Dx?

A

cytologic detection of Negri bodies or immunochemical detection of viral antigen in brain tissue

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12
Q

Hemorrhagic fever from ebola has what mortality rate?

A

90%

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13
Q

What is the likely reservoir for Ebola?

A

bats

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14
Q

What is the mode of transmission of ebola?

A

contact with contaminated body fluids

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15
Q

How does ebola spread within the body?

A

it infects macrophages and spreads throughout the body

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16
Q

The release of cytokines during an Ebola infection causes tissue destruction, leading to increased (blank), hemorrhage, and shock

A

vascular permeability

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of severe hemorrhagic fever?

A

sudden fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, and vomiting and diarrhea

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18
Q

Bleeding into the skin, mucous membranes, and visceral organs signals what about Ebola?

A

end stage severe hemorrhagic fever

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19
Q

What is the cause of death in ebola?

A

multiorgan failure and shock

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20
Q

Is there a treatment or vaccine for ebola?

A

nope. sucks to suck.

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21
Q

What are the three methods to diagnose ebola?

A

immunoassay, PCR, and serology

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22
Q

What is the only virus within the family of orthomyxovirus?

A

influenza

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23
Q

How is influenza brought into the cell?

A

receptor mediated endocytosis

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24
Q

what is the receptor that allows for flu entry?

A

sialic acid receptor

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25
Q

What is unique about the ribonucleoproteins in flu?

A

they are segmented

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26
Q

Where does the influenza genome replicate. Why is this strange?

A

In the nucleus, even though it is an RNA virus

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27
Q

Where is flu mRNA produced? Where is it translated?

A

made in the nucleus, translated in the cytosol

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28
Q

T/F: viral replications proteins made from flu mRNA are moved back into the nucleus

A

true

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29
Q

Where does assembly and budding of flu occur?

A

at the plasma membrane

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30
Q

What is the common capsid/genome structure for -RNA viruses?

A

E: HELICAL CAPSID: - ssRNA

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31
Q

T/F: flu is capable of causing pandemics

A

true

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32
Q

how many people in the US die every year from flu?

A

36k

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33
Q

what is the mode of transmission of flu?

A

respiratory droplets

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34
Q

flu a causes (pandemics/outbreaks), flu b causes (pandemics/outbreaks), and flu C causes milder straings

A

A: pandemics
B: outbreaks

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35
Q

How many antigenic types of HA and N subunits are there for flu A?

A

HA: 16
N: 9

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36
Q

What animals can flu A infect?

A

birds, chickens, pigs

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37
Q

What is the difference between antigenic shift and drift?

A

shift: reassortment of segments of the RNA genome
drift: small mutations in the RNA genome

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38
Q

Antigenic changes to (blank and blank) cause epidemics and pandemics

A

HA and NA

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39
Q

What is the incubation time for flu?

A

24-48 hours

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40
Q

What age group is at extra risk of flu?

A

elderly

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41
Q

diseases of what two organ systems puts you at greater risk of flu infection?

A

cardiac or pulmonary

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42
Q

How long is it until flu symptoms resolve?

A

4-7 days

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43
Q

(blank) may complicate a flu infection

A

pneumonia

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44
Q

Flu immunity depends on secretory Ig(blank) targeting (blank) in the respiratory tract

A

IgA targeting HA

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45
Q

What is the common way of diagnosing flu?

A

clinical

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46
Q

What are the two antivirals for flu?

A

Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) and Relenza (zanamivir)

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47
Q

The flu vaccine contains what two strains?

A

A and B

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48
Q

Super infection of (blank) will cause pneumonia post-influenza infection

A

staph aureus

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49
Q

What is the other virus that shares the same family as Ebola virus?

A

Marburg virus

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50
Q

Measles is in what genus inside of paramyxo?

A

Morbilivirus

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51
Q

what disease is characterized by a maculopapular rash?

A

measles

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52
Q

How is measles transmitted?

A

respiratory droplets

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53
Q

How does measles spread throughout the body?

A

via macrophages

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54
Q

What is the length of the incubation period for measles?

A

10-14 days

55
Q

What are the initial symptoms of measles?

A

fever, conjunctivitis, runny nose and cough followed by rash that spreads from face to extremities

56
Q

How does the rash spread in measles?

A

from face to extremities

57
Q

What are Koplick spots? IN what disease do you see them?

A

small white spots on inflamed mucosa, seen in measles

58
Q

T/F: encephalitis is a potential complication of measles

A

true

59
Q

What is in the measles vaccine?

A

live attenuated virus

60
Q

Croup, laryngitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia in children are all caused by what virus?

A

Parainfluenza virus (PIV)

61
Q

What is the mode of transmission of PIV?

A

respiratory droplets

62
Q

what strains of PIV are the most common cause of croup?

A

PIV 1 and 2

63
Q

What is characterized by a barking cough?

A

croup

64
Q

T/F: PIV can also cause the common cold and otitis media

A

true

65
Q

PIV 3 infects the (lower/upper) respiratory tract

A

lower

66
Q

How do you diagnose PIV infection?>

A

clinical

67
Q

What causes the barking cough in croup?

A

Swelling of the trachea and vocal cords, can be seen on xray!

68
Q

Painful swelling of the parotid gland is what disease?

A

mumps

69
Q

How is mumps transmitted?

A

respiratory droplets

70
Q

How many serotypes of mumps virus are there?

A

just one

71
Q

Mumps infects the (upper/lower) respiratory tracts

A

upper

72
Q

Besides the parotid gland, where else does mumps spread?

A

testes, ovaries, pancreas, and meninges in some cases

73
Q

Do you diagnose mumps clinically or via the lab?

A

clinically

74
Q

What is contained in the mumps vaccine?

A

live attenuated virus

75
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia and bronchitis in infants?

A

Respiratory syncytial virus

76
Q

Neonates, peme’s, and infants with cardiopulmonary disease are targets for what virus?

A

RSV

77
Q

How is RSV transmitted?

A

respiratory droplets

78
Q

What does RSV cause in adults?

A

common cold, bronchitis, pneumonia IN THE ELDERLY

79
Q

Infants have a pronounced cough and wheezing (not barking) with what viral infection?

A

RSV

80
Q

Is there a test to check for RSV?

A

yes, rapid Ab test

81
Q

What med is recommended for severely ill patients hospitalized with RSV?

A

Ribavirin

82
Q

What are the immunization options for RSV?

A

passive Ab immunization

83
Q

70% of bronchiolitis cases are caused by what bug?

A

RSV

84
Q

What is the CT finding associated with children with RSV?

A

bilateral perifular fullness

85
Q

What is a sig. cause of acute respiratory disease in infants and children?

A

Metapneumovirus

86
Q

What is the second leading cause of bronchiolitis in winter months?

A

metapneumovirus; RSV is first

87
Q

What is the mode of transmission of metapneumovirus?

A

respiratory droplets

88
Q

Is there treatment for metapneumo?

A

nope

89
Q

is there a lab test to confirm metapneumo?

A

PCR of respiratory secretions

90
Q

Which infects younger children, RSV or metapneumo?

A

RSV: metapneumo infects older children and is less severe

91
Q

What are the two syndromes with hantavirus?

A

HFRS: fever with renal syndrome
HPS: pulmonary syndrome

92
Q

WHere is HFRS found?

A

Europe, Asia, and Afrika

93
Q

Where is HPS found? What is the other name for it?

A

US, SIN NOMBRE VIRUS

94
Q

What is the endemic carrier of HPS in western us (NM, AZ)

A

deer mice

95
Q

how do you get hantavirus?

A

inhalation of rodent feces and urine

96
Q

Where does hantavirus replicate?

A

pulmonary capillary endothelial cells

97
Q

HPS causes flu like symptoms followed by (blank)

A

respiratory failure

98
Q

what is the mortality rate of HPS?

A

35%

99
Q

What are the methods for Dx of hantavirus?

A

RNA in lung tissue, PCR, ChIP, IgM

100
Q

Is there a vaccine for hantavirus?

A

nope

101
Q

California encephalitis virus is transmitted by what fucking bug?

A

god damn mosquitoes

102
Q

What CE subtype most often causes encephalitis?

A

La Crosse Virus–californians like to play LaX!

103
Q

IN what age group and in what season do we see the most cases of CE?

A

<16y, during the summer

104
Q

Half the patients with CE develop (blanks)

A

seizures

105
Q

T/F: most patients with CE suffer long term brain damage from the seizures

A

false; most recover completely. 1% mortality is due to asceptic meningitis

106
Q

T/F: people seropositive for CE are protected against reinfection

A

true

107
Q

What part of the US do we normally see CE?

A

Eastern US, WTF!

108
Q

What is the vector for the crimean congo hemorrhagic fever?

A

tick; seen in aFrica, east europe, and asia

109
Q

what is the mortality rate of crimean congo hem. fever?

A

3-30%

110
Q

crimean congo hemorrhagic fever causes extensive damage to what organ?

A

liver damage leading to hepatomegaly

111
Q

T/f: There is a treatment for crimean congo hem. fever

A

true; ribavirin

112
Q

HOw do you diagnose crimean congo fever?

A

serology

113
Q

What are the two stages of crimean congo fever?

A

initial: fever, headache, myalgia, dizziness, and mental confusion
Hemorrhagic phase: bleeding form nose, gi, uterus, respiratory tract

114
Q

Rift valley fever is a mosquito borne virus that infects what animals?

A

livestock

115
Q

What is the most common route of human infection with Rift valley virus?

A

zoonotic infection via infected livestock tissue

116
Q

Where do we see most cases of Rift valley virus?

A

Sub-Saharan africa and Egypt

117
Q

T/F: Rift valley virus complete recovery is common

A

true

118
Q

retinitis, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fever are complications of (blank)

A

rift valley fever virus

119
Q

What percent of Rift valley virus patients have complete loss of vision?

A

1-10%; 1% of pts die

120
Q

How do you Dx rift valley virus?

A

viral isolation from tissues, serological via ELISA

121
Q

How is Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) transmitted?

A

aerosol inhalation, ingestion of contaminated food

122
Q

What are the small house pets that are reservoirs for LCM?

A

hamsters or pet mice (secretions and excretions)

123
Q

T/F: LCM is mostly aysmptomatic

A

true

124
Q

T/F: aseptic meningitis presents in a minority of LCM patiens

A

true

125
Q

What Ig(s) do you use to diagnose LCM?

A

IgM and IgG

126
Q

How is Lassa fever virus transmitted?

A

aerosol transmission or contact with rodent excretions

127
Q

lassa fever virus can be spread person to person via (blank)

A

blood, secretions, and excretions

128
Q

Where is lassa fever virus endemic?

A

Est afrika, lassa, Nigeria

129
Q

T/F: lassa fever virus is normally asymptomatic

A

false; SEVERE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER

130
Q

After lass fever virus enters via a cut in the skin, it replicates in the (blank)

A

lymph nodes

131
Q

Lassa fever virus develops viremia and spreads throughout the body via (blank)

A

macrophages

132
Q

Is there a treatment or vaccine for lassa fever virus?

A

Treatment: ribavirin

no vaccine

133
Q

How do you diagnose Lassa fever virus?

A

IgM or IgG

134
Q

Subactue sclerosing panencephalitis is a severe complication of (blank)

A

measles

Block 6 Week 4 Colt (10 decks)

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