+ RNA NON-enveloped viruses - AuCoin Flashcards
Are picornaviruses naked or encapsulated?
naked
what is the shape of the picornavirus capsule??
icosahedral
What type of nucleic acid is used in the picornavirus? ss or ds?
ssRNA
what sense is the ssRNA picornavirus?
+ sense
Enteroviruses are resistant to what range of pH?
3-9
Rhinovirus are labile at (acidic/basic) pH
acidic
What is the optimum growth temp for rhinovirus?
33°C
T/F: enteroviruses can survive in sewage, detergents, and high heat
true
T/F: picornaviruses are still infectious without their capsid
true
Where do picornaviruses replicated?
cytosol
Do picornaviruses use the one-gene-one protein model or a polyprotein?
polyprotein
What are the three major families within picornavirus?
Enterovirus
Rhinovirus
Heparnavirus
What are the enteroviruses?
- poliovirus
- Coxsackie A and B
- Echovirus
- Enterovirus
What is the ONE virus within rihinovirus?
rhinovirus
What is the ONE virus within heparnavirus?
Hep A virus
Is the RNA-dep RNA Pol necessarily present in the capsid?
No, it is coded by the + RNA genome
Is the picornavirus capsid endocytosed?
No, the genome is INJECTED
what sense RNA is made from the picronavirus genome?
-RNA as a template
Is the VPg primer attached to the +RNA or -RNA duplicate?
+RNA
What is the mode of transmission of enterovirus?
fecal oral
only (blank)% of enterovirus infections are clinically apparent
1%
Where is the site of initial rep of enterovirus?
oropharynx and small intestine
What are the symptoms caused by the initial rep of enterovirus? (think of where they rep!)
nausea and vomiting
Poliomyelitis is an acute infection of the (blank) and the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brain stem
meninges
The Salk and Sabin vaccines are used for(blank)
polio
Where is polio still ENDEMIC?
Nigeria, Pakistan, and Afghanistan
How do you Dx polio?
Acute onset of flaccid paralysis, or recovery of poliovirus from stool sample or swab of pharynx
How many polio serotypes are there?
three
T/F: protection from one polio serotype will protect against them all
FALSE; little immune cross reactivity, therefore you need unique Abs to all three
Which polio vaccine is the killed vaccine?
Salk (inactivated vaccine)
Which polio vaccine is the live attenuated vaccine?
Sabin, ORAL vaccine
T/F: ENTEROvirus can cause viral meningitis
true!
when are most viral meningitis cases diagnosed?
summer
What age group normally gets enteroviral meningitis?
kids younger than 5
What the common “real-world” actions that spread enteroviral meningitis?
changing the diaper or using the toilet and not properly washing hands after
What are the symptoms of viral meningitis?
sudden onset of fever, headache, and stiff neck
What are the symptoms that are secondary to the meningitis triad?
nausea/vomiting
photophobia
altered mental status
How long does viral meningitis normally last?
7-10 days
T/F: Immunocompetent patients are still at risk of dying from viral meningitis
false; they normally recover :)
What samples do you take to test for viral meningitis?
blood or CSF
What other viruses besides enterovirus can lead to viral meningitis?
mumps, herpesvirus (EBV, HSV, VZV), measles, and influenza
What age group does Coxsackie normally infect?
young people
Hand foot mouth disease is Coxsackie group (A/B)
Group A
What is the clinical word for hand foot mouth disease? What are the actual symptoms?
Herpangia; ulcers in oropharynx, fever, sore throat
What is the clinical word to describe Coxsackie B? what are the symptoms?
pleurodynia: fever and severe pleuritic chest pain
myocarditis: fever, chest pain, signs of heart failure
T/F: both Coxsackie groups can cause asceptic meningitis and mild paralysis
true
How do you diagnose Coxsackie infections?
PCR of enteroviral RNA in CSF!!!
Is there treatment for coxsackie infection?
nope
THe pleurodynia is pain a (plueritis/myositis)
myositis; infection the intercostal muscles and not actually the pleura
What does ECHOvirus stand for?
enteric cytopathic human orphan
How are echovirus transmitted?
fecal oral
Pool water often carries strains of (blank)
echovirus
Coxsackie and (blank) virus are leading causes of asceptic meningitis
echovirus
What is different about the Rhinovirus capsule from the other picornavirus capsules?
its is an ACID LABILE naked capsid
What is the main cause of the common cold?
rhinovirus
What is the portal of entry of rhinovirus?
URT
what is the ideal temp for rhinovirus rep? what does this mean about where it will infect?
33C, will stay in the nose rather than go into the lung
What is the incubation period of rhinovirus
2-4 days
T/F: rhinovirus presents with fever and aches
false; normally absent
Because rhinovirus is acid labile, it cannot infect what mucsoal tract?
GI tract
What is the numericla name for Hep A virus?
enterovirus 72
What is the mode of transmission of Hep A?
fecally contaminated food or water
Jaundice, DARK urine, PALE feces, elevated AST/ALT, fatigue, fever, N/V are characteristic of?
Hep A infection
T/F: Hep A is a lifelong infection
false; NO CHRONIC INFECTION
t/F: hEP a causes hepatocellular carcinoma
false
Hep A IgG is detected (blank) weeks after infection
1-3
T/F: Hep A IgG provides lifelong protection
true
How long after infection will Hep A resolve?
2-4 weeks
How does one diagnose hep A?
IgM or 4 fold increase in IgG titiers
What tissues does Hep A infect?
oropharynx and GI tract
What mediates the hepatic injury in Hep A?
CTL action
Norwalk virus belongs to what genus?
Norovirus
What is the mode of transmission of Norwalk virus?
Fecal-oral route
What is the most common cause of VIRAL GE in older kids and adults in the US?
Norwalk virus
People on cruise ships or in swimming pools are at a risk to get GE caused by ?
Norwalk virus
What cells does Norwalk virus infect?
mucosal cells of GI tract
A SUDDEN ONSET OF VOMITING, non-bloody diarrhea, low grade fever and abd. cramping are suggestive of/
Norwalk virus
What is the incubation period of norwalk virus
around 24 hours
Is the primary diagnosis of norwalk virus lab based or clinical?
clinical
What lab test can be done to confirm the clinical diagnosis of Norwalk virus?
PCR on stool samples (only in instances of public health concern)
CLOSED or SEMICLOSED communities such as long-term care facilities, overnight camps, hospitals, prisons, dormitories, and cruise ships are hotspots for?
norwalk virus
Raspberries, salads, and sandwhiches may be contaminated with (blank)
norwalk virus