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Block 6 Week 4 Colt > + RNA enveloped viruses - AuCoin > Flashcards

+ RNA enveloped viruses - AuCoin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major families of enveloped +RNA viruses?

A

Toga
Flavi
Corona

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2
Q

What family and genus is Rubella Virus in?

A

Toga - rubivirus

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3
Q

What are the two methods of transmission of rubella virus?

A

respiratory droplets or TRANSPLACENTALLY

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4
Q

T/F: rubella has been eradicated from the US

A

true

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5
Q

What is the common name for rubella?

A

german measles

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6
Q

Where is the location of initial replication of rubella virus?

A

nasopharynx and lymph nodes

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7
Q

Where does rubella spread after the initial infection?

A

spreads VIA blood to internal organs and skin

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of rubella infection in children?

A

mild: rash, low fever, nausea, and mild conjunctivitis

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9
Q

Congenital rubella virus causes significant (blank)

A

birth defects

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10
Q

How do you diagnose rubella infection?

A

IgM or 4x increase in IgG titers

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11
Q

What type of vaccine is used for rubella? For how long is it effective?

A

Live attenuated vaccine; 10 years

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12
Q

blueberry muffin rash and cataracts in a newborn are indicative of what infection?

A

rubella

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13
Q

What countries still have endemic rubella?

A

Africa, India, Phillipines, Haiti

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14
Q

Mosquitoes are the vector for (blank) viruses

A

Arbovirus

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15
Q

What are two major life threatening complications of arboviruses?

A

encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever

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16
Q

T/F: the three families included in arbovirus are Toga, flavi, and corona

A

FALSE: toga, flavi, and Bunya

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17
Q

What type of mosquito is the vector for West Nile virus?

A

Aedes albopticus; female Asian tiger mosquito

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18
Q

What is the family and genus of Eastern equine encephalitis virus?

A

Togavirus - Alphavirus

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19
Q

EEE has what type of vector?

A

it is an arbovirus

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20
Q

What is the reservoir of EEE?

A

wild birds!

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21
Q

What is the mortality rate of EEE?

A

33%

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22
Q

(blank) type infections of EEE can hapen in horses in the US

A

epizootic

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23
Q

Severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, fever; changes in mental status, seizures and coma are suggestive of?

A

EEE

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24
Q

T/F: survivors of EEE are left with permanent brain damage

A

true; think about getting kicked in the head by a horse

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25
Q

How is EEE diagnosed?

A

isolating virus or detecting rise in Ab titer

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26
Q

Is there a vaccine or antiviral for human infection of EEE? Horses?

A

No for humans, yes for horses

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27
Q

What region of the US is infected with EEE?

A

East coast, south east

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28
Q

EEE may have similar symptoms at onset to (blank)

A

meningitis

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29
Q

Is Western equine encephalitis more or less severe than EEE?

A

less severe

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30
Q

Where is WEE found?

A

West of Mississippi and South America

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31
Q

What is the mortality rate of WEE?

A

2%

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32
Q

T/F: WEE has a vaccine for horses but not for humans

A

true

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33
Q

Is the reservoir horses or birds in Venezuelan equine encephalitis?

A

horses

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34
Q

Where is VEE found?

A

South and Central America

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35
Q

What are the symptoms of VEE? Is it fatal?

A

flu like symptoms, only fatal to those with weak immune systems

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36
Q

T/F: VEE has a vaccine for both horses AND people

A

true

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37
Q

What types of people are vaccinated against VEE?

A

laboratory and military

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38
Q

What is the vector for Dengue?

A

mosquitoes

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39
Q

Where is Dengue endemic?

A

SE Asia, central/south America, Caribbean, not US

40
Q

T/F: it is common to see imported cases of Dengue in the US

A

true

41
Q

How many serotypes of Dengue are there?

A

4

42
Q

Dengue fever is also known as (blank)

A

Breakbone fever

43
Q

What are the symptoms of Dengue breakbone fever?

A

acute febrile, headache, retroocular pain, rash, myalgia and bone pain

44
Q

What is the difference between breakbone fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever?

A

hemorrhagic progresses to prostration, GI and skin hemorrhage, shock, and coma

45
Q

what is the mortality of dengue hemorrhagic fever?

A

10%

46
Q

Is there a vaccine or treatment for dengue?

A

nope

47
Q

How do you diagnose dengue? IgM or IgG?

A

IgM

48
Q

How does dengue spread in the body?

A

via monocytes and macrophages

49
Q

Birds, especially CROWS, are susceptible to this virus

A

West Nile virus

50
Q

What two age groups are at higher risk of getting west nile?

A

children and elderly

51
Q

How does west nile travel in the body and what is its target organ?

A

spreads via monocytes and macrophages, targets the brain

52
Q

What percent of people with WNV are symptomatic?

A

only 1%

53
Q

What is the range of symptoms of WNV?

A

flu like to encephalitis; Headache, nausea, high fever, malaise, myalgia, backache, neck stiffness

54
Q

Is there a vaccine and/or treatment for WNV?

A

nope

55
Q

What are the two ways to diagnose WNV?

A

virus specific IgM in the serum or CSF!

56
Q

What is the family of St. Louis virus?

A

Flavi

57
Q

what is the vector for St. Louis virus

A

mosquitoes, of course

58
Q

T/F: St. louis encephalitis has outbreaks in the US

A

true

59
Q

when are SLE outbreaks common?

A

late summer and early fall

60
Q

Serious SLE (blank) infections cause headache, nausea, high fever, malaise, myalgia, backache, and neck stiffness

A

neuroinvasive

61
Q

What is the mortality of SLE? What group is most susceptible?

A

3-30%; elderly

62
Q

How do you diagnose SLE?

A

serodiagnosis of IgM in serum OR CSF!

63
Q

What is the family of Yellow fever virus?

A

Flavi

64
Q

what is the vector of yellow fever?

A

mosquitoes

65
Q

Where is yellow fever endemic?

A

Africa and South America

66
Q

Yellow fever causes (200k/500k) illnesses and (30k/90k) deaths every year

A

200k, 30k

67
Q

What percentage of Africans are not vaccinated against yellow fever?

A

90 fucking percent

68
Q

Name this bug: Causes hemorrhagic fever characterized by jaundice, fever, headache, myalgia, black vomit, hemorrhages

A

Yellow fever virus

69
Q

what is the mortality rate of yellow fever?

A

20-50%

70
Q

How do you diagnose yellow fever?

A

serum IgM

71
Q

Is there a vaccine and/or treatment for yellow fever virus?

A

No treatment, but highly effective live attenuated vaccine

72
Q

What family is Hep C?

A

Flavi

73
Q

T/F: HCV is transmitted via the alimentary tract

A

false: parenterally

74
Q

What two groups of people are at high risk for HCV infection?

A

organ transplant recipients and IVDUs

75
Q

What is the most common indication for liver transplant?

A

HCV associated cirrhosis

76
Q

WHat cells does HCV infect? what cells cause liver injury?

A

HCV infects hepatocytes, and liver injury is from CTLs

77
Q

T/F: primary infection is asymptomatic

A

true

78
Q

what are the symptoms of an acute infection with HCV?

A

decreased appetite, fatigue, nausea, muscle/joint pain, wt. loss

79
Q

Chronic hepatitis develops in (blank)% of HCV cases and leads to cirrhosis

A

75%

80
Q

Liver cirrhosis predisposes pts to (blank)

A

liver carcinoma

81
Q

How do you diagnose HCV infection?

A

RT-PCR for virion RNA

82
Q

Is there a Hep C vaccine?

A

no

83
Q

Sovaldi inhibits HCV how?

A

inhibits HCV polymerase

84
Q

What are the three treatments for HCV?

A

Sovaldi, IFN, and Ribavirin

85
Q

If the HCV Ab is nonreactive, what does this mean?

A

person does not have hep C

86
Q

If the only lab test you have is a reactive HCV Ab, what does this mean?

A

you presume they have an HCV infection

87
Q

If you have both a reactive HCV Ab and detected HCV RNA, what does this mean?

A

you have a confirmed current HCV infection

88
Q

If you have a reactive HCV Ab but no HCV RNA, what does this mean?

A

No CURRENT hep C infection

89
Q

What is the second most common cause of the common cold?

A

coronavirus

90
Q

Is the coronavirus that causes SARS the same as the one that causes the common cold?

A

no

91
Q

How is coronavirus transmitted?

A

respiratory aerosol

92
Q

Coronavirus infection is limited to the (blank) cells of the respiratory tract

A

mucosal

93
Q

What are the symptoms of SARS?

A

flu like with fever, dsypnea and hypoxia

94
Q

How does atypical pneumonia from SARS present?

A

diffuse edema resulting in hypoxia

95
Q

What is unique about the coronavirus capsid?

A

it is HELICAL and not icosahedral!!

Block 6 Week 4 Colt (10 decks)

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