+ RNA enveloped viruses - AuCoin

Question 1

What are the three major families of enveloped +RNA viruses?

Answer 1

Toga
Flavi
Corona

Question 2

What family and genus is Rubella Virus in?

Answer 2

Toga - rubivirus

Question 3

What are the two methods of transmission of rubella virus?

Answer 3

respiratory droplets or TRANSPLACENTALLY

Question 4

T/F: rubella has been eradicated from the US

Answer 4

true

Question 5

What is the common name for rubella?

Answer 5

german measles

Question 6

Where is the location of initial replication of rubella virus?

Answer 6

nasopharynx and lymph nodes

Question 7

Where does rubella spread after the initial infection?

Answer 7

spreads VIA blood to internal organs and skin

Question 8

What are the symptoms of rubella infection in children?

Answer 8

mild: rash, low fever, nausea, and mild conjunctivitis

Question 9

Congenital rubella virus causes significant (blank)

Answer 9

birth defects

Question 10

How do you diagnose rubella infection?

Answer 10

IgM or 4x increase in IgG titers

Question 11

What type of vaccine is used for rubella? For how long is it effective?

Answer 11

Live attenuated vaccine; 10 years

Question 12

blueberry muffin rash and cataracts in a newborn are indicative of what infection?

Answer 12

rubella

Question 13

What countries still have endemic rubella?

Answer 13

Africa, India, Phillipines, Haiti

Question 14

Mosquitoes are the vector for (blank) viruses

Answer 14

Arbovirus

Question 15

What are two major life threatening complications of arboviruses?

Answer 15

encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever

Question 16

T/F: the three families included in arbovirus are Toga, flavi, and corona

Answer 16

FALSE: toga, flavi, and Bunya

Question 17

What type of mosquito is the vector for West Nile virus?

Answer 17

Aedes albopticus; female Asian tiger mosquito

Question 18

What is the family and genus of Eastern equine encephalitis virus?

Answer 18

Togavirus - Alphavirus

Question 19

EEE has what type of vector?

Answer 19

it is an arbovirus

Question 20

What is the reservoir of EEE?

Answer 20

wild birds!

Question 21

What is the mortality rate of EEE?

Answer 21

33%

Question 22

(blank) type infections of EEE can hapen in horses in the US

Answer 22

epizootic

Question 23

Severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, fever; changes in mental status, seizures and coma are suggestive of?

Answer 23

EEE

Question 24

T/F: survivors of EEE are left with permanent brain damage

Answer 24

true; think about getting kicked in the head by a horse

Question 25

How is EEE diagnosed?

Answer 25

isolating virus or detecting rise in Ab titer

Question 26

Is there a vaccine or antiviral for human infection of EEE? Horses?

Answer 26

No for humans, yes for horses

Question 27

What region of the US is infected with EEE?

Answer 27

East coast, south east

Question 28

EEE may have similar symptoms at onset to (blank)

Answer 28

meningitis

Question 29

Is Western equine encephalitis more or less severe than EEE?

Answer 29

less severe

Question 30

Where is WEE found?

Answer 30

West of Mississippi and South America

Question 31

What is the mortality rate of WEE?

Answer 31

2%

Question 32

T/F: WEE has a vaccine for horses but not for humans

Answer 32

true

Question 33

Is the reservoir horses or birds in Venezuelan equine encephalitis?

Answer 33

horses

Question 34

Where is VEE found?

Answer 34

South and Central America

Question 35

What are the symptoms of VEE? Is it fatal?

Answer 35

flu like symptoms, only fatal to those with weak immune systems

Question 36

T/F: VEE has a vaccine for both horses AND people

Answer 36

true

Question 37

What types of people are vaccinated against VEE?

Answer 37

laboratory and military

Question 38

What is the vector for Dengue?

Answer 38

mosquitoes

Question 39

Where is Dengue endemic?

Answer 39

SE Asia, central/south America, Caribbean, not US

Question 40

T/F: it is common to see imported cases of Dengue in the US

Answer 40

true

Question 41

How many serotypes of Dengue are there?

Answer 41

4

Question 42

Dengue fever is also known as (blank)

Answer 42

Breakbone fever

Question 43

What are the symptoms of Dengue breakbone fever?

Answer 43

acute febrile, headache, retroocular pain, rash, myalgia and bone pain

Question 44

What is the difference between breakbone fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever?

Answer 44

hemorrhagic progresses to prostration, GI and skin hemorrhage, shock, and coma

Question 45

what is the mortality of dengue hemorrhagic fever?

Answer 45

10%

Question 46

Is there a vaccine or treatment for dengue?

Answer 46

nope

Question 47

How do you diagnose dengue? IgM or IgG?

Answer 47

IgM

Question 48

How does dengue spread in the body?

Answer 48

via monocytes and macrophages

Question 49

Birds, especially CROWS, are susceptible to this virus

Answer 49

West Nile virus

Question 50

What two age groups are at higher risk of getting west nile?

Answer 50

children and elderly

Question 51

How does west nile travel in the body and what is its target organ?

Answer 51

spreads via monocytes and macrophages, targets the brain

Question 52

What percent of people with WNV are symptomatic?

Answer 52

only 1%

Question 53

What is the range of symptoms of WNV?

Answer 53

flu like to encephalitis; Headache, nausea, high fever, malaise, myalgia, backache, neck stiffness

Question 54

Is there a vaccine and/or treatment for WNV?

Answer 54

nope

Question 55

What are the two ways to diagnose WNV?

Answer 55

virus specific IgM in the serum or CSF!

Question 56

What is the family of St. Louis virus?

Answer 56

Flavi

Question 57

what is the vector for St. Louis virus

Answer 57

mosquitoes, of course

Question 58

T/F: St. louis encephalitis has outbreaks in the US

Answer 58

true

Question 59

when are SLE outbreaks common?

Answer 59

late summer and early fall

Question 60

Serious SLE (blank) infections cause headache, nausea, high fever, malaise, myalgia, backache, and neck stiffness

Answer 60

neuroinvasive

Question 61

What is the mortality of SLE? What group is most susceptible?

Answer 61

3-30%; elderly

Question 62

How do you diagnose SLE?

Answer 62

serodiagnosis of IgM in serum OR CSF!

Question 63

What is the family of Yellow fever virus?

Answer 63

Flavi

Question 64

what is the vector of yellow fever?

Answer 64

mosquitoes

Question 65

Where is yellow fever endemic?

Answer 65

Africa and South America

Question 66

Yellow fever causes (200k/500k) illnesses and (30k/90k) deaths every year

Answer 66

200k, 30k

Question 67

What percentage of Africans are not vaccinated against yellow fever?

Answer 67

90 fucking percent

Question 68

Name this bug: Causes hemorrhagic fever characterized by jaundice, fever, headache, myalgia, black vomit, hemorrhages

Answer 68

Yellow fever virus

Question 69

what is the mortality rate of yellow fever?

Answer 69

20-50%

Question 70

How do you diagnose yellow fever?

Answer 70

serum IgM

Question 71

Is there a vaccine and/or treatment for yellow fever virus?

Answer 71

No treatment, but highly effective live attenuated vaccine

Question 72

What family is Hep C?

Answer 72

Flavi

Question 73

T/F: HCV is transmitted via the alimentary tract

Answer 73

false: parenterally

Question 74

What two groups of people are at high risk for HCV infection?

Answer 74

organ transplant recipients and IVDUs

Question 75

What is the most common indication for liver transplant?

Answer 75

HCV associated cirrhosis

Question 76

WHat cells does HCV infect? what cells cause liver injury?

Answer 76

HCV infects hepatocytes, and liver injury is from CTLs

Question 77

T/F: primary infection is asymptomatic

Answer 77

true

Question 78

what are the symptoms of an acute infection with HCV?

Answer 78

decreased appetite, fatigue, nausea, muscle/joint pain, wt. loss

Question 79

Chronic hepatitis develops in (blank)% of HCV cases and leads to cirrhosis

Answer 79

75%

Question 80

Liver cirrhosis predisposes pts to (blank)

Answer 80

liver carcinoma

Question 81

How do you diagnose HCV infection?

Answer 81

RT-PCR for virion RNA

Question 82

Is there a Hep C vaccine?

Answer 82

no

Question 83

Sovaldi inhibits HCV how?

Answer 83

inhibits HCV polymerase

Question 84

What are the three treatments for HCV?

Answer 84

Sovaldi, IFN, and Ribavirin

Question 85

If the HCV Ab is nonreactive, what does this mean?

Answer 85

person does not have hep C

Question 86

If the only lab test you have is a reactive HCV Ab, what does this mean?

Answer 86

you presume they have an HCV infection

Question 87

If you have both a reactive HCV Ab and detected HCV RNA, what does this mean?

Answer 87

you have a confirmed current HCV infection

Question 88

If you have a reactive HCV Ab but no HCV RNA, what does this mean?

Answer 88

No CURRENT hep C infection

Question 89

What is the second most common cause of the common cold?

Answer 89

coronavirus

Question 90

Is the coronavirus that causes SARS the same as the one that causes the common cold?

Answer 90

no

Question 91

How is coronavirus transmitted?

Answer 91

respiratory aerosol

Question 92

Coronavirus infection is limited to the (blank) cells of the respiratory tract

Answer 92

mucosal

Question 93

What are the symptoms of SARS?

Answer 93

flu like with fever, dsypnea and hypoxia

Question 94

How does atypical pneumonia from SARS present?

Answer 94

diffuse edema resulting in hypoxia

Question 95

What is unique about the coronavirus capsid?

Answer 95

it is HELICAL and not icosahedral!!