Sterilization, Disinfection Flashcards

1
Q

What is sterilization?

A

Process that aims to destroy all microbes within a medium.

The goal is to have a total germ-free state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the uses of an open flame in sterilization methods

A
  • burning –> dead lab animals, infectious waste
  • cauterization –> lab glassware
  • white heating –> inoculation loops
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does heat sterilize?

A

VIA:

  • protein destruction
  • hydrolysis
  • oxidation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is sterilized in a dry heat chamber?

A
  • glassware
  • tools without fine edge
  • powders
  • oils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the temperatures used in dry heat chambers?

A

180 degrees –> for 1 hr
160 –> For 2 hrs
140 –> For 3 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is prohibited in dry heat chambers?

A
  • water-based solutions
  • textiles
  • rubberware
  • plastic tools
  • instruments made of materials with different heat tolerance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an autoclave?

A

A pressure chamber used to carry out sterilization with high heat and saturated elevated pressure steam for a longer period of time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the normal autoclave parameters?

A
  • 121 degrees celcius for 20-30 min (+1atm)
  • 134 degrees celcius for 10 min (+2 atm)
BUT for prions, they require:
- 2NaOH for 1 hr 
OR
-1NaOH for 2 hrs
and
134 degrees celcius for 1 hour (+2atm)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the phases of the work process of an autoclave

A

1) warming up phase
2) equalization phase
3) sterilization phase
4) cooling down phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the sterilization methods based on radiation:

A
  • gamma radiation

- UV-radiation (200-400 nm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name gas sterilization.

A

-formaldehyde, ethylene oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the definition of disinfection?

A

Reducing the number of infectious microorganisms to an amount that they cannot incite infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are antiseptics used for?

A

They are disinfectants used on living tissue/skin to reduce possibility of infection or sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does it mean to be bacteriostatic?

A

To inhibit bacterial reproduction

** Does NOT kill them!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List examples of bacteriostatic antibiotics:

A
  • chloramphenicol
  • erythromycin
  • clindamycin
  • tetracyclins
  • sulfonamides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does it mean to be bactericidal?

A

To kill a proportion of microbes in a given amount of time

17
Q

List examples of bactericidal antibiotics:

A
  • aminoglycosides
  • beta-lactams
  • vancomycin
  • quinolones
  • rifampin
  • metronidazole
18
Q

What does asepsis mean?

A

The absence of bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms

19
Q

What is the aim of asepsis?

A

To prevent contamination caused by microorganisms i.e. sterilization of surgical instruments

20
Q

What is the aim of anti-sepsis?

A

To neutralize already existing contamination caused by microorganism

21
Q

List factors that influence efficiency of disinfectants:

A
  • quality of surface
  • temperature, pH
  • hardness of water
  • germ number
  • resistance of microbes
  • microbes ability to inactivate the chemical
22
Q

What is the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration)?

A

The lowest concentration of drug that has an inhibitory (bacteriostatic) effect

23
Q

What is the phenol coefficient?

A

It’s a measure of bactericidal activity of a chemical compared to the compound phenol