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Microbio > Parasitology - Protozoa > Flashcards

Parasitology - Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cyst?

A

Tough protective capsule around larva of a parasitic worm

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2
Q

What is a trophozoite?

A

Motile form of protozoa, converted to this form after ingestion

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3
Q

Which protozoa cause diarrhea?

A
  • entamoeba histolytica
  • giardia lamblia
  • cyclospora cayetanensis
  • cryptosporidium
  • isospora belli
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4
Q

How is entamoeba histolytica transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral transmission

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5
Q

What are symptoms of entamoeba histolytica?

A
  • abdo pain
  • few loose stools/day
  • flecks of blood and mucus in stool
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6
Q

How can entamoeba histolytica affect the organs?

A
  • form abscess in liver after penetrating portal circulation, then spreading to lungs forming pulmonary abscesses
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7
Q

What is the treatment for entamoeba histolytica?

A

Metronidazole

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8
Q

How is giardia lambda spread?

A

Contaminated drinking water from sewage

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9
Q

What is schizogony?

A

Asexual reproduction by multiple fission. (Organism with multiple nuclei dividing into several unicellular entities)

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10
Q

What is the pathogeny of parasites?

A
  • obligate
  • facultative
  • opportunistic
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11
Q

Morphology of entamoeba histolytica

A
  • trophozoite (10-50 um)
  • granules in endoplasm
  • incorporated into bacteria
  • RBCs
  • cyst with 1-4 nuclei
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12
Q

What is the pathogeny of entamoeba histolytica?

A

obligate human pathogen

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13
Q

What disease does entamoeba histolytica cause?

A

Amoebic dysentery

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14
Q

Disease forms of entamoeba histolytica?

A
  • asymptomatic cyst excretion
  • acute amoebic dysentery
  • amoebic abscess
  • chronic amoebiasis
  • granuloma/amoeboma
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15
Q

What causes malaria?

A

Plasmodium species

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16
Q

What is the mode of transmission of leishmania spp.?

A

Sandflies!

17
Q

What causes African sleeping sickness?

A

Trypanosoma brucei

18
Q

How do you treat African sleeping sickness?

A
  • suramin

- IF invades CNS, melarsoprol

19
Q

How is trypanosoma brucei transmitted?

A

via tsetse fly (biting human)

20
Q

What is the main diagnosis for trypanosome brucei?

A

Trypomatigotes in blood smear

21
Q

What disease does naegleria fowleri cause?

A

RAPIDLY fatal meningoencephalitis!

22
Q

What are the symptoms of sleeping sickness?

A
  • enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenomegaly)
  • recurring fever
  • somnolence
  • coma
23
Q

What are the symptoms of Chaga’s disease?

A
  • dilated cardiomyopathy (w/ apical atrophy)
  • megacolon
  • megaesophagus
  • Romana sign (unilateral periorbital swelling)
24
Q

What organism do sandflies transmit?

A

Leishmania donovani

25
Q

How do you treat Chaga’s disease?

A

-Benznidazole
or
- nifurtimox

26
Q

How is plasmodium spp. transmitted?

A

via anopheles mosquitoes

27
Q

What are the main symptoms of malaria?

A
  • fever
  • headache
  • anemia
  • splenomegaly
28
Q

What are the protozoa involved with malaria?

A

Plasmodium:

  • vivax/ovale
  • falciparum
  • malariae
29
Q

What is chloroquine used to treat?

A

Malaria –> RBC stage

30
Q

What is primaquine used to treat?

A

Malaria –> liver stage, to get rid of the p. oval and p. vivax as they can be in the liver in dormant stages

31
Q

What is the mode of transmission of babesia?

A

Ticks

32
Q

What are symptoms of congenital toxoplasmosis?

A
  • chorioretinitis
  • hydrocephalus
  • intracranial calcification
33
Q

Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis?

A
  • serology: high Ig titters in ELISA
34
Q

List some symptoms of toxoplasmosis

A
  • fever
  • lymph node, liver, and spleen enlargement
  • pneumonia
35
Q

What kind of patients does toxoplasmosis affect the most?

A
  • immunocompromised: AIDS, cancer pts

- pregnant women (can transfer to child)

36
Q

Mode of transmission of toxoplasmosis?

A
  • cysts in meat, i.e. eating undercooked pork

- oocysts in cat feces (ingested/inhaled)

Microbio (14 decks)

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