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Microbio > Parasitology - Helminths > Flashcards

Parasitology - Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

What type of reproduction do nematodes (round worms) undergo?

A

sexual

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2
Q

What type of reproduction do flat worms (tapeworms, fluke worms) undergo?

A

asexual

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3
Q

What causes whip-worm disease?

A

Trichuris trichiura

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4
Q

Explain life cycle of trichuris trichiura.

A
  • ingest larval egg
  • larva hatch in small intestine
  • migrate into colon (1-3 mo. to mature)
  • worm digs head into intestinal mucosa to feed
  • impregnated egg excreted with stool
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5
Q

Symptoms of whipworm disease?

A
  • usually asymptomatic
  • stomach ache
  • diarrhea
  • appendicitis can happen
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6
Q

Treatment for whip worm disease (Trichuris trichiura)?

A
  • Mebendazole

- albendazole

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7
Q

What is the pathogeny of helminths?

A

obligate pathogens

(must cause disease to be transmitted from one host to another)

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8
Q

Diagnosis of whip worm disease?

A
  • sample stool, detection of eggs
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9
Q

What is the mode of transmission of ascaris lumbricoides?

A
  • fecal-oral transmission

- -> typically contaminated food

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10
Q

Symptoms of ascaris?

A
  • weight loss
  • malnutrition
  • obstruction at ileocecal valve or biliary obstruction
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11
Q

Life cycle of ascaris?

A
  • ingest eggs
  • larvae emerge in small intestine
  • larvae penetrate intestines, go into blood stream, travel to lungs
  • grow in alveoli
  • cough up, swallow back into intestines
  • mature into adult worms
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12
Q

Diagnosis of ascaris lumbricoides?

A
  • sample stool: eggs in stool

- high eosinophil count in blood smear (b/c of tissue invasion, eosinophils increase)

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13
Q

Treatment for ascaris lumbricoides?

A
  • mebendazole (intestinal stage)

- thiabendazole (migrating stage)

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14
Q

Life cycle of enterobius vermicularis?

A
  • ingest eggs
  • hatch in duodenum
  • mature in colon
  • female lays eggs in perianal folds
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15
Q

What causes pinworm disease?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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16
Q

Symptoms of pinworm disease (enterobius vermicularis)?

A

-perianal itching at night
(anal pruritis)
-neurotic complaints, appendicitis

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17
Q

Diagnosis of pinworm disease?

A
  • adhesive tape at perianal area

- anal swab

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18
Q

Treatment of pinworm disease?

A
  • mebendazole

- albendazole

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19
Q

How is trichinella spiralis transmitted?

A
  • undercooked meat (often pork, or wild game)

- possibly fecal-oral

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20
Q

What does trichinella spiralis cause?

A

Trichinellosis

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21
Q

Symptoms of trichinosis (trichinella spiralis)?

A
  • fever
  • vomiting
  • nausea
  • periorbital edema
  • myalgia
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22
Q

Diagnosis of trichinella spiralis?

A

-muscle biopsy: larva detection

23
Q

What type of worm is the trematode class?

A

Fluke worm

24
Q

What type of worm is the cestode class?

A

Tape worm

25
Q

What type of worm is a nematode?

A

Round worm

26
Q

What does the taenia species cause?

A
  • cysticercosis (T.solium)

- taeniasis

27
Q

How do you treat cysticercosis?

A

praziquantel

28
Q

How do you contract cysticercosis? (T. solium)

A

Ingesting eggs that are in food contaminated with human faces

29
Q

Where do larvae encyst in cysticercosis (Taenia solium)?

A
  • brain

- skeletal muscle

30
Q

If cystercici reach the brain, what does it cause?

A

Neurocysticercosis

31
Q

How does taenia solium progress in the body?

A
  • if you ingest the eggs, the larva dig into gut wall
  • migrate into muscles by blood circulation
  • encyst in muscle and brain
  • cause cysticercus
32
Q

How can you diagnose cysticercosis?

A

Tissue biopsy

33
Q

How do you detect taeniasis?

A

Detection of proglottids in stool

34
Q

What does echinococcus granulosus cause ?

A

Hydatid cysts in liver

35
Q

How is taeniasis contracted?

A

Ingestion of taenia cysts and/or larvae

36
Q

How is cysticercosis contracted?

A

Ingestion of eggs in fees contaminated water

37
Q

What disease occurs if you ingest taenia cysts and/or larvae?

A

Taeniasis

38
Q

What disease occurs if you ingest taenia eggs in feces contaminated water?

A

Cysticercosis

–> if reaches brain, causes neurocysticercosis

39
Q

What does fasciolopsis buski cause?

A

Gut fluke disease

40
Q

What is gut fluke disease caused by?

A

Fasciolopsis buski

trematode, ie fluke worm

41
Q

What is/are the a) definitive host
b) intermediate host
of gut fluke disease?

A

a) D. host = human

b) I. host = swine, dog, rabbit

42
Q

Symptoms of gut fluke disease (fasciolopsis buski)?

A
  • diarrhea
  • stomach cramps
  • mucosal exulcerations
43
Q

Treatment for gut fluke disease?

A

Praziquantel

44
Q

What disease does wuchereria bancrofti cause?

A

Elephantiasis

45
Q

What is elephantiasis caused by?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

46
Q

How is wuchereria bancrofti transmitted?

A

via mosquitos:

  • female anopheles
  • aedes
  • culex
47
Q

What type of parasite is wuchereria bancrofti?

A

Tissue nematode

48
Q

Symptoms of wuchereria bancrofti?

A
  • lymphangitis (inflammation of lymph vessels)
  • fever
  • lymphadenitis (swelling of >1 lymph node)
  • cellulitis
49
Q

Treatment for elephantiasis?

A
  • Diethylcarbamazine

- Mebendazole

50
Q

What is the host of schistosoma species?

A

Fresh water snails

51
Q

What are the 3-phase disease symptoms of schistosomiasis?

A

1) Dermatitis - allergic inflamm., erythema, itching (as cercariae penetrate skin)
2) Katayama syndrome - fever, chills, hives, splenomegaly (as eggs laid in venous system)
3) Chronic fibrosis - fibrosis in organs and vessels
(as the body tries to wall off the eggs that are on the organs and vessels)

52
Q

In chronic inflammation, what causes urinary bladder cancer?

A

Schistosoma haematobium

invades venous system of urinary bladder

53
Q

Treatment for schistosomas?

A

Praziquantel

54
Q

Life cycle of schistosoma spp.?

A

-eggs hatch in fresh water
-find freshwater snails and mature
-mature larvae (cercariae) released by snail into water, & are freely-swimming
-penetrate human swimmer’s skin
-migrate to portal blood and mature into adults
-some adults migrate to bowel/rectum
(eggs circulate to liver and/or shed in stools)

Microbio (14 decks)

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