Lab 1

Question 1

What is microbiology?

Answer 1

Study of pathogens of contagious and infectious diseases, and normal microbial flora in human body.
Also looks at biochemical and genetic characteristics of microbes, their susceptibility to different antimicrobial chemicals and antibiotic resistance.

Question 2

What is BSL?

Answer 2

Biosafety level, rated 1-4

Question 3

What are types of microscopic morphologic examinations for living specimen?

Answer 3

1) native-wet mount
2) hanging-drop
3) vital staining

Question 4

What kind of information content is provided by microscopic morphologic examinations?

Answer 4

• shape
• size
• motility
• reproduction
• metabolism
• density (wet-mount)

Question 5

What is the shape and size of coccus?

Answer 5

Round,

1 μm

Question 6

What is the shape and size of bacillus?

Answer 6

Rod-like,

2-5 μ

Question 7

What is the shape and size of spirillum? And what kinds are there?

Answer 7

Spiral-like
10-30 μ
Types: spirochaeta –> flexible
spirillum –> stiff

Question 8

What are the different types of coccus bacteria?

Answer 8

• diplo (2)
• staphylo (many clustered)
• strepto (many in a row)

Question 9

What do bacteria use for motility?

Answer 9

• flagella (flagellum)
• pilus
• fimbria

Question 10

What are types of microscopic morphological examinations for non-living specimens?

Answer 10

Stained smears:

- simple and complex staining

Question 11

List staining method for: cell wall

Answer 11

gram staining

Question 12

List staining method for: capsule

Answer 12

capsule staining with ink

Question 13

List staining method for: ciliar staining

Answer 13

Ag impregnation

Question 14

List staining method for: acid-fast and endospore staining

Answer 14

Ziehl-Neelsen

Question 15

List staining method for: intracellular inclusion

Answer 15

Neisser staining

Question 16

Which bacteria contains a capsule? Gram + or -?

Answer 16

Both!

Question 17

Which gram +/- bacteria contains teichoic acids?

Answer 17

Gram positive ONLY!

Question 18

Describe the wall thickness of the gram +ve and -ve cell wall

Answer 18

Gram +ve = thick
Gram -ve = thin
–> both made up of peptidoglycan

Question 19

Which gram +ve or -ve bacteria contains an outer membrane?

What is its composition?

Answer 19

Gram -ve ONLY

• -> made of phospholipidsproteins:
• lipopolysaccharides (an endotoxin)
• lipid A
• polysaccharides

Question 20

Which gram bacteria has a periplasmic space? What is its purpose?

Answer 20

• Gram -ve
• -> has enzymes to break down large molecules
• -> aids regulation of osmolarity

Question 21

When using gram stains, what colours typically appear for Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria? Name the stain.

Answer 21

Gram +ve = purple/blue
–> from crystal violet / gram’s iodine
Gram -ve = red/pink
–> from safranin

Question 22

All cocci are gram +ve except for….

Answer 22

• neisseria

- monxella