steretypes and behaviour

Question 1

word et al 1974

Answer 1

• how do stereotypes impact on persons chance of getting a job
• how it impacts the targets behaviour

Question 2

what was word et al study 1974

Answer 2

• if white interviewrs adopt different interactional styles with black/white candidates

Question 3

how was word et al 1974 1st study carried out and what was manipulated and the measure?

Answer 3

• manipulated: black and white candidates
• measure: non-verbal behaviour og interviewers

Question 4

how was word et al 1974 2nd study carried out and what was manipulated and the measure?

Answer 4

• all white
• manipulated: non-verbal behaviour of interviewers
• measured: performance of applicant (all white)

Question 5

what was found from word et al 1974 study (job interview)

Answer 5

• non-verbal style associated with black people made applicants perform poorer

Question 6

what did word et al find out about the effect of having stereotypes?

Answer 6

• holding the stereotype may unconsciously act in ways that lead to them acting the stereotype.

Question 7

Rosenhan 1973 study

Answer 7

• the power of psychiatric labels
• if psychaiatrists could distinguish between the sane and insane

Question 8

strategy of Rosenhann 1973 study (3 steps)

Answer 8

• 8 sane people admitted to 12 different mental hospitals
• capped hospitals saying they heard voices saying “empty” “hollow” “thud” (existential symptoms absent from psychiatric books)
• when submitted acted normally and engged in conversations with others

Question 9

what was the aim of the rosenhann 1973 study

Answer 9

• to see how fast they could be released
• to note their observations of treatment

Question 10

what were the time frames people stayed in the mental hospital for- rosenhann

Answer 10

• shortest 7 days
• longest 52 days
• mean 19 days

Question 11

how many pills were given when in mental hospital

Answer 11

• 2,100 tablets (were not consumed)

Question 12

what did rosenhann conclude from labels in the mental hospital?

Answer 12

• labels stick
• hard to get rid off/ takes a long time even when sane

Question 13

what things did the hospital regard as symptoms of mental health issues

Answer 13

• noting observations
• standing in lunch queue 45 minutes before it started

Question 14

how much time was recorded that psychiatrists spent with the ‘schizo’ patients?

Answer 14

• less than 7 hours a day (6.8)

Question 15

what was observed about the staff in mental hospital? and what effect did it have

Answer 15

• avoided contacts with patients
• fake patients experinced feelings of distress and depersonalisation, were spoken about negatively in their presence
• witnessed effects of cruelty and verbal abuse
• concluded when your labelled your not taken seriously

Question 16

what did rosenhann conclude about these mental institutions in effectiveness?

Answer 16

• not therapeutic
• contributed to psychological distress
• to not have a system where people are labelled

Question 18

what did rosenhann conclude about them being able to distinguish sane from insane

Answer 18

• they could not distinguish it
• self labelling
• counter therapeutic

Question 19

what kind of experiment was rosenhann 1973 and why was it effective

Answer 19

• a field experiment (nurses and staff etc unaware of experiment)
• high ecological validity
• adds to internal validity
• results showed little differences between the hospitals

Question 20

levine et al 1995, what was being studied?

Answer 20

• how we categorise ourself and others
• ( Manchester United vs Liverpool)

Question 21

what was found from Levine et al 1995 study

Answer 21

• when MU fan saw another MU top fall went over to help
• when MU fan saw Liverpool or red non-football top did not go and help

Question 22

what did levine et al 1995 conclude from MU only helping another MU

Answer 22

• we have empathy/ sense of psycholigical connection when someone is part of your group, even when the only cue was the shirt worn