attention 1 Flashcards
what is dichotic listening
the auditory process of listening with both ears
what did Cherry 1953 dichotic study find
- individuals listening/focusing to 1 stream could not proivde much info about info going into other ear they were told not to focus on
what did cherry 1953 find about the unattended information
subjects noticed if speaker in unattended ear changed sex or tone
broadbent 1958 study of early filtering study
- foound only one bit of info extracted and processed, if not attention is given ceases to be represented
what was concluded from broadbent 1958 study and how carried out
- used dichotic listening with numbers
- rememberd numbers from one side but not the other side
what did treisman 1960 research and what was found
- investigated the voluntarily switch to a new stream
- people got most of it wrong due to predictability
- found highly predictable words in wrong ear after break are spoken
gray and wedderburn 1960 study with words and numbers e.g ‘who…6…there’
- used word and number phrases that went well together
- reported inccoparted meaning- there were grouped according to meaning
what did treisman 1960 find important in his study
predictability matters
treisman 1964 concept of processing
- an attenuation point
- preferntial processing of info from one stream to another
- reduced processing in unattended ear, goes through patterns and has oppurtunity to progress up hierarchy
what did deustch and deustch 1963 propose about processing information
- that filter happens much later in processing
- suggested attended and unattended streams are near fully processed and so later in hierarchy this happens
- both process the same, not one higher than other
how to summarise lavie 1995 perceptual load results
- in H.P.L no influence of distraction because so much going on
- H.P.L suggests early filtering because alot to look at
- in L.P.L distractor has big influence because less to look at
- in L.P.L less to look at and process, only processing the distractor when we have the capacity to do so
what was summed about filter from Lavie 1995
- filter isnt fixed on early or late stage, influenced by capacity you have
- content processing
as you increase distractors…
time take increases
- parallel and serial processing
parallel prcoessing
- when multiple tasks or operations are carried out simultaneously. Each task is handled independently, and all tasks progress at the same time
serial prcoessing
- involves completing one task at a time, in sequence. Each task must be finished before moving on to the next.
- can be slower, because tasks handled one after the other
Treisman 1988 and 1992 feature intergration theory
- multi stage account of visual prcoessing
- colour and motion to be processed at same time
how does intergration theory work in primitive feature maps
- use of colour selective cells
- independent but allgined cells
how does intergration theory work when identifying combinations
- master map of locations
- attention required to check through different locations one by one to determine activation in both relevant feature maps in same location
- happens in a serial process
La Berge 1983 spotlight or zoom lens study and results
- participants either:
- assigned to identify if letter selected in word was from A to G OR
- assigned to determine whether a whole word was a name or not
- use of word 7 under the letter to identify it
- when 7 in middle of word people are quicker to respond
- word identification- time taken stable
- WE CAN ZOZOM IN AND OUT OF ATTENTION
Duncan 1984 study box and line
- faster to respond on features of same object rather than being asked of features on each individual shape
