Stereoisomerism - Optical Isomerism

Question 1

sometimes mirror images can be…

Answer 1

non-superimposable

different compounds

Question 2

when does optical isomerism rise?

Answer 2

-molecule contains carbon atoms bonded to 4 different groups

The isomers are no-superimposable mirror images of one another.

Question 3

what is the carbon called in mirror images

Answer 3

chiral or asymmetric

Question 4

what is the molecule called in the mirror images

Answer 4

chiral or optically active

Question 5

what are optical isomers?

Answer 5

enantiomers

Question 6

what are enantiomers distinguished by?

Answer 6

+/-
d/l
D/L
R/S (which is more correct)

Question 7

is there is a 50/50 mixture of enantiomers it is known as:

Answer 7

racemic mixture or racemate

Question 8

what do enantiomers have?

Answer 8

identical physical and chemical properties

e.g boiling point

Question 9

how are enantiomers distinguished by?

Answer 9

effect on plane polarised light

Question 10

how will the plane polarised light rotate if the enantiomer is +

Answer 10

rotate clockwise

Question 11

how will the plane polarised light rotate if the enantiomer is -

Answer 11

rotate anti-clockwise

Question 12

how will the plane polarised light rotate if the enantiomer is 50/50

Answer 12

no overall effect overall

Question 13

how do chiral molecules react with other chiral molecules?

Answer 13

they react differently

Question 14

many natural molecules are…

Answer 14

chiral and most natural reactions are affected by optical isomerism

Question 15

are amino acids chiral?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

what happens when protein is broken down?

Answer 16

we will find that the amino acid we have from this would/or be an isomer that rotates plane polarised light to the left

Question 17

how do the enantiomers work in drugs?

Answer 17

only one enantiomer exhibits beneficial effect

Question 18

Describe the importance of optical isomerism with respect to pharmaceuticals.

Answer 18

Chiral molecules often react differently with other chiral molecules. Most amino acids
are chiral and as a result proteins are chiral.
Many drugs are optically active and often only one enantiomer exhibits a beneficial
effect. Sometimes the other enantiomer can even be harmful.