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Pharmaceutical science | Organic chem > Reaction of Alcohols > Flashcards

Reaction of Alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the oxidising agent needed for alcohols?

A

acidified potassium dichromate (VI) (H2SO4/K2Cr2O7)

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2
Q

what happens during oxidisation?

A

colour change will take place due to changing chemical state of acidified potassium dichromate
starts of orange to green to a blue solution

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3
Q

what does acidified potassium dichromate supply?

A

oxygen [O]

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4
Q

what does oxidation with a primary (1°) alcohol produce?

with stoichiometric [O] (1:1 ratios of alcohol and oxidising agent)

A

an aldehyde

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5
Q

what does oxidation with a primary (1°) alcohol produce?

with 2 equivalents of oxidising agent for one part of alcohol)

A

carboxylic acid with excess [O]

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6
Q

what does oxidation with a secondary (2°) alcohol produce?

A

ketone

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7
Q

what does oxidation with a tertiary (3°) alcohol produce?

A

it resists oxidation (under certain conditions)

only resists with acidified potassium dichromate

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8
Q

how to name aldehyde

A

name corresponding alkane
drop ‘e’
add suffix ‘al’

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9
Q

how to name carboxylic acid

A

name corresponding alkane
drop ‘e’
ass suffix ‘oic acid’

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10
Q

how to name ketones

A

name corresponding alkane
drop ‘e’
add suffix ‘one’
(if chain has 5 carbons or more need to number position of double bond)

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11
Q

how to name chloroalkane

A

name corresponding alkane
add prefix ‘chloro’
number position of -cl (if chain has more than three carbons)

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12
Q

under what condition does chlorination with thionyl chloride (SOCl2) need to take place?

A

under dry conditions (no water) as SOCl2 reacts very quickly with water.

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13
Q

what does dehydration (elimination) do?

A

removes or eliminates water from the molecule

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14
Q

what is C.H2SO4 used as during dehydration?

A

as a catalyst and dehydrating agent

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15
Q

what does dehydration require to be carried out ?

A

heat

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16
Q

def of elimination

A

loss of small molecule

17
Q

def of dehydration

A

loss of water

18
Q

example of esterification

A

condensation reaction

where two molecules join together with a loss of a small molecule (often H2O but not always)

19
Q

what else is condensation reaction known as?

A

addition-elimination

20
Q

what needs to happen during the process of esterification with carboxylic acid? ( reacting an alcohol with carboxylic acid)

A

these reactions need to be heated up with H2S04 (acts as a dehydration agent). so it will chemically absorb the water on the right-hand side (refer to the equation)

21
Q

how to name ester

A

name alkyl with no oxygen

name part with two oxygens using suffix ‘oate’

22
Q

esterification example

A

reacting alcohol wit carboxylic acid

23
Q

how to make an ester

A

carboxylic acid + alcohol

24
Q

how do esters form?

alcohols + carboxylic acid

A

carboxylic acid loses OH group
alcohol loses H from its OH group
these two groups then bond together and the other part of the equation is the lost OH and H to form a water molecule (H20) is a byproduct

25
Q

where is a C double bond in a ketone?

A

middle

26
Q

during chlorination what does the OH replace in the equation?
(alcohol + thionyl chloride)

A

Cl (CHLORINE)

27
Q

what are the by-products during chlorination?

alcohol + thionyl chloride

A

SO2

HCl

28
Q

under what conditions does chlorination take place?

alcohol + thionyl chloride

A

dry conditions

29
Q

what product is made during chlorination?

alcohol + thionyl chloride

A

halogenoalkane or chloroalkane

30
Q

during dehydration (elimination) what is taken away from the beginning of the equation?

A

OH and its adjacent H

31
Q

in what state does dehydration (elimination) take place?

A

heat

32
Q

what is the best way to write the equation for esterification?

A

best to start equation with alcohol
best to write full structural formula
best to point fictional groups towards each other (in first part of the equation).

33
Q

what condition does esterification take place?

A

heat with conc sulfuric acid. (H2S04)

34
Q

what reagent does chlorination need in order to take place?

A

thionyl chloride (SOCl2)

35
Q

what sort of reaction occurs when alcohols react with carboxylic acid?

A

condensation/elimination

Pharmaceutical science | Organic chem (10 decks)

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