stem cells & Differentiation Flashcards
1
Q
Stem cells
A
- self renew (regenerate, proliferate)
- differentiate into specialized cells
2
Q
Differentiation
A
- stem cells lose potency, become more defined in their destiny, become a specialized cell
- lost ability to proliferate
3
Q
Cell potency
A
- cells ability to differentiate into other cell types
- more types a cell can differentiate into, the greater the potency
4
Q
Draw the hierarchy of stem cells
A
- totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, other stem cells OR blood stem cells
5
Q
totipotent
A
- give rise to all types of differentiated cells in an organism + extra embryonic structure
- can reproduce whole organism in utero
- fertilized oocyte 8 or 16 cell stage
6
Q
pluripotent
A
- single cell is capable of differentiating into all tissues of organism, but NO full organismal development
- inner mass cells
- embryonic stem cells
7
Q
What are embryonic stem cells?
A
- pluripotent
- develop into cells and tissues of three primary germ layers
8
Q
multipotent
A
- develop into more than one cell type of the body
- hematopoeitic stem cell
9
Q
oligopotent and unipotent
A
- spermatogonial stem cell
10
Q
progenitor cells
A
- may divide a lIMITED number of times… differentiate into specific cell type (“target” cell)
11
Q
unlimited proliferation
A
- zygote, embryonic stem cell, multipotent stem cell
12
Q
limited proliferation
A
- neuronal progenitor
- differentiating neuronal precursors
13
Q
no proliferation
A
differentiated cells
14
Q
multipotent stages
A
- multipotent (can self-proliferate)
- committed stem cell (can self proliferate)
- progenitor cell
- differentiated cells
15
Q
adult stem cells
A
- somatic stem cells
- main and repair the tissue in which they are found
- maintained in a quiescent state
- not constantly proliferating, only when needed
16
Q
cellular plasticity
A
- ability of some cells to take on characteristics of other cells
17
Q
stem cell plasticity
A
- adult, tissue specific cells can change identity
- stem cell phenotypic potential (as opposed to normal cell fate)
18
Q
de-differentiation
A
- cells regress from a speicialized function to a simple state…
19
Q
trans-differentiation
A
- conversion of one differentiated cell into another
20
Q
adult cell plasticity in vivo
A
- can dedifferentiate or transdifferentiate
- can be forced experimentally, or they can occur due to tissue injury/cell loss
- cell plasticity… repression of genes associated with the precious cell type…. activation of genes associated with new cell type
- cells can occupy intermediate identity states that are reversible
- cell plasticity can be driven by factors that induce a new ifentity…. or maintain old identity…
21
Q
A
