developmental biology 1 Flashcards
1
Q
development of metazoans (multicelluar) includes:
A
- gametogenesis
- fertilization
- embryonic period
- fetal period
- growth
- later development
2
Q
gametogenesis
A
- formation of gametes: egg and sperm
3
Q
fertilization
A
- fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote
4
Q
embryonic period:
A
- first 8 weeks of human development
- formation of all precursors
- developing organism = embryo
5
Q
embryonic age vs gestational age
A
- gestational: time that has passed since onset of last menstruation
- embryonic: measures the actual age of the embryo or fetus from the time of fertilization
6
Q
describe the fetal period
A
- prenatal period between embryonic stage and birth; fetus; extensive growth and continued development of organ systems
7
Q
describe the fetal period in organisms other than mammals
A
- replaced with larval stages, followed by metamorphosis
8
Q
describe the growth period
A
- neonatal and child development period
9
Q
describe later “development” period
A
- tissue maintenance
- wound healing
- aging
- cancer/diseases related to development
10
Q
draw the fertilization age scale
A
–
11
Q
what is required for embryonic development?
A
- cell proliferation
- cell differentiation
- pattern formation and morphogenesis
12
Q
what is the cell cycle?
A
- sequences of stages through which a cell passes between one cell division and the next
- G1, S, G2, mitosis
13
Q
What are checkpoints in the cell cycle?
A
- cells make a decision about moving forward in the cell cycle
14
Q
G1/R checkpoint (general)
A
- trying to decide if cell cycle should continue
- monitoring external/internal conditions
- monitoring DNA damage
15
Q
S/G2 and M phase checkpoint
A
- constant monitoring of internal conditions…
- S: if replication is complete… if DNA has been screened to remove error
G2: cell size adequate… chromo replication complete - monitoring status of DNA… is it being replicated properly
M monitoring mitotic spindle is properly formed
