Stem Cells Flashcards
What are the 4 characteristics of stem cells?
- Not terminally differentiated
- Can divide without limit.
- Undergo slow division
- When divide give rise to 1 cell with stem cell characteristics and the other with the ability to be differentiated.
What kind of potency does a Zygote have?
Totipotent
What kind of potency do embryonic stem cells have?
Pluripotency.
What kind of potency do adult stem cells have? What kind of ability do they have?
Multipotency: ability to give rise to different cell types of a given lineage.
What kind of cells are transit amplifying cells?
They are differentiated cells.
cells that divide frequently. Programmed to have a limited number of divisions.
Part of strategy of growth control.
Committed.
Maintenance of stem cells is accomplished by:______(2 things)
- Divisional Asymmetry: creates 2 cells. 1 with stem cells characteristics and one with factors that gives it the ability to differentiate.
- Environmental Asymmetry: Division makes 2 identical cells, but environment may influence/alter 1 cell.
What are founder stem cells?
define the size of large final structures. programmed to have fixed number of divisions.
Embryonic Stem cells are derived from?_____
What kind of potency do they have?
Blastocyst. They are capable of proliferating indefinitely in culture. They can develop into different cell types (Pluripotent).
Tertomas are caused by?_______
What is their defining feature?
They are caused by Embryonic Stem Cells .
They have the ability to differentiate into a variety of tissues.
Are Embryonic Stem cells able to generate the body plan on their own?
No. only embryos have that ability.
What do ES cells form when injected into host animals?
Cartilage, bone, skin, nerves, gut and respiratory lining.
What is essential for establishment and maintenance of pluripotent stem cells in the embryo?
Transcription factors: Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, and FoxD3.
Where are Adult Stem Cells found?
Tissues. Responds to demands of growth/repair.
What are MSCs(Mesenchymal Stem Cells) differentiated into?
connective tissues, tissue.
What is a serious problem in adult stem cells ?(Limitation in therapy)
Immune rejection
