Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and Cancer Flashcards
What enzyme is required to fully activated the Cyclin-CDK?
CAK(CDK-activating Kinase) (phosphorylates T-loop)
What inhibits CDK?
p21 and WEE1
Which CDKs help the passage of cells through the restriction point in late G1 phase?
cyclin D-CDK4
cyclin D-CDK6
How does WEE1 inhibits CDK activity?
by phosphorylating the “roof site”
What is the function of Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC/C) aka Cyclosome?
Leads to addition of pollyubiquitin to S and M-cyclin complexes; they are further targeted for destruction by proteasomes.
What keeps p53 inactive?
E3 ubiquitin ligase (MDM2)
What are the 2 major classes of capsizes?
- Initiators: Caspase 8 and 9
2. Executioners: Caspase 3
What dephosphorylates the “roof site”?
CdC25
What is a pro-apoptotic Bcl2 protein?
Bax: promotes the intrinsic(mitochondria cytochrome c) apoptosis pathway
What activates Caspase 9?
Cytochrome c/Apaf 1 complex (Apoptosome)
What is a common oncogene? What changes?
HER 2 Growth Factor: Val changes to Gln in the Tyrosine Kinase domain
In which step of the cell cycle does RNA and protein synthesis take place?
G1
In which step of the cell cycle is the centrosome formed?
S phase
What event triggers a cell to stop at G1 checkpoint?
DNA damage
What is the purpose of G2 checkpoint?
To verify complete genomic duplication
What is the point of Metaphase checkpoint?
to ensure chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle.
What is the action of Alkylating Agents?
block DNA replication
What is the mechanism of action of Antimetabolites?
inhibit enzymes involved in DNA synthesis.
What stage(s) of DNA replication do Topoisomerase II inhibitors target?
S Phase, G2 phase, Mitosis.
What stage(s) of DNA replication do Topoisomerase I inhibitors target?
S Phase
