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MCM Test 2 Sergiu > Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and Cancer > Flashcards

Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What enzyme is required to fully activated the Cyclin-CDK?

A

CAK(CDK-activating Kinase) (phosphorylates T-loop)

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2
Q

What inhibits CDK?

A

p21 and WEE1

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3
Q

Which CDKs help the passage of cells through the restriction point in late G1 phase?

A

cyclin D-CDK4

cyclin D-CDK6

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4
Q

How does WEE1 inhibits CDK activity?

A

by phosphorylating the “roof site”

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5
Q

What is the function of Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC/C) aka Cyclosome?

A

Leads to addition of pollyubiquitin to S and M-cyclin complexes; they are further targeted for destruction by proteasomes.

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6
Q

What keeps p53 inactive?

A

E3 ubiquitin ligase (MDM2)

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7
Q

What are the 2 major classes of capsizes?

A
  1. Initiators: Caspase 8 and 9

2. Executioners: Caspase 3

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8
Q

What dephosphorylates the “roof site”?

A

CdC25

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9
Q

What is a pro-apoptotic Bcl2 protein?

A

Bax: promotes the intrinsic(mitochondria cytochrome c) apoptosis pathway

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10
Q

What activates Caspase 9?

A

Cytochrome c/Apaf 1 complex (Apoptosome)

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11
Q

What is a common oncogene? What changes?

A

HER 2 Growth Factor: Val changes to Gln in the Tyrosine Kinase domain

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12
Q

In which step of the cell cycle does RNA and protein synthesis take place?

A

G1

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13
Q

In which step of the cell cycle is the centrosome formed?

A

S phase

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14
Q

What event triggers a cell to stop at G1 checkpoint?

A

DNA damage

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15
Q

What is the purpose of G2 checkpoint?

A

To verify complete genomic duplication

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16
Q

What is the point of Metaphase checkpoint?

A

to ensure chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle.

17
Q

What is the action of Alkylating Agents?

A

block DNA replication

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Antimetabolites?

A

inhibit enzymes involved in DNA synthesis.

19
Q

What stage(s) of DNA replication do Topoisomerase II inhibitors target?

A

S Phase, G2 phase, Mitosis.

20
Q

What stage(s) of DNA replication do Topoisomerase I inhibitors target?

A

S Phase

MCM Test 2 Sergiu (15 decks)

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