Basic Blood Flashcards
What is Serum?
blood plasma without the clotting factors
Albumin is responsible for?___________(3 things)
- Exerting concentration gradient between blood and EC fluids.
- Source of major colloid osmotic pressure, osmotic pressure on vessel walls.
- carrier protein for thyroxine , bilirubin, barbiturates.
What are the 2 types of Globulin plasma proteins? what are their functions?
- Immunoglobulins (y-globulin): immune system molecules
- Non-immune globulins(alpha, beta-globulins): maintain osmotic pressure within vascular system. Members of this group are: Fibronectin, lipoproteins, coagulation factors.
What are the 3 main members of plasma proteins?
Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen
Where are Erythrocytes phagocytosed?
Spleen, bone marrow and liver
What are Reticulocytes?
Immature RBCs, still have organelles. Mature into erythrocytes within 48 hours.
What causes Hereditary Spherocytosis?
Affects ankyrin complex (band 3, band 4.2 spectrin).
Defective anchor points, causing membrane to detach and peel off: spherical erythrocytes.
What causes Hereditary Elliptocytosis?
Spectrin-Spectrin lateral bonds and spectrin-ankyrin-band 4.1 protein junctions are defective. Membrane fails to rebound and elongate: elliptical erythrocytes.
What are the 3 types of Neutrophils granules? Mention a member of each granules type.
- Azurophilic granules: lysosomes containing myeloperoxidase(MPO).
- Specific granules: antimicrobial peptides
- Tertiary granules: phosphatase and metalloproteinases.
What kind of granules do Eosinophils have?
elongated specific and azurophilic granules.
What do Eosinophils release?
Arylsulfatase and Histaminase
Basophils are functionally related to?____
Mast cells
What are Basophils responsible for?
Severe vascular disturbances associated with hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis.
What are the main functional cells of immune system?
Lymphocytes
What type of Leuokocytes are the largest of the WBC?
Monocytes
What do Monocytes differentiate into?
Phagocytes: Mononuclear Phagocytotic system.
What are Thrombocytes derived from?
What is their main role?
derived from Megakaryocytes
Involved in Hemostasis (control of bleeding).
What do platelets release during Thrombocytosis? What do they do?
- Serotonin: vasoconstrictor: smooth muscles contraction
2. ADP & Thromboxane A2: increase aggregation of platelets to form Primary Hemostatic Plug.
What is the Second Hemostatic Plug?
Platelets convert Fibrinogen to Fibrin. Fibrin forms a mesh over the initial plug.
What can lead to decreased RBC production? (3 things)
Insufficient dietary Fe, Vitamin B12, Folic Acid.
What is Eosinophilia?
Increased counts of Eosinophils due to allergies or parasitic infections (worms).
What are the 2 integral membrane proteins?
What are their functions?
- Glycophorin C: attaches underlying cytoskeletal proteins to the cell membrane.
- Band 3 Protein: bind hemoglobin, are most abundant of the 2. Also, they acts as the anchoring site for cytoskeletal proteins.
Spectrin filaments are anchored by: _________ (2 things). What do they interact with?
- Band 4.1 protein complex: interacts with Glycophorin C.
2. Ankyrin Protein Complex(ankyrin and band 4.2 protein): interacts with Band 3 proteins.
What directs Neutrophils to the injury site?
Chemotaxis
