STEM Flashcards
AERIAL PART of the plant where leaves and reproductive shoots are attached
STEM
- provides MECHANICAL SUPPORT to the plant
- exposes leaves for photosynthesis
- positions the reproductive shoots for optimal access to pollinators
- conducts water and minerals from roots to leaves
STEM
TYPES OF STEM
HERBACEOUS STEM
WOODY STEMS
a BUD at the tip of a stem responsible for TERMINAL GROWTH
TERMINAL BUD
BUDS ALONGSIDE THE AXIS OF A STEM; once they grow and form a stem they become terminal buds
AXILLARY BUD OR LATERAL BUD
a bud CONTAINING THE FLORAL MERISTEM which develops into flowers
FLOWER BUD
a SCAR marking the FORMER POINT OF ATTACHMENT of a leaf or petiole to the stem
LEAF SCAR
PART OF STEM MARKING POINT of attachment of leaves, buds, and other stems
NODE
the part of the stem BETWEEN the NODES
INTERNODE
ROUGH AREAS on stems where LOOSELY PACKED CELLS extend from the cortex through the ruptured epidermis; they function as BREATHING PORES for gas exchange
LENTICELS
bud scale scars from the LAST TERMINAL BUD. can be used to AGE STEMS
GROWTH RING
an UNDERDEVELOPED AND UNELONGATED STEM composed of a SHORT AXIS with COMPRESSED INTERNODES, a meristematic apex, and primordial leaves and/or flowers
BUD
the stem develops from the ____ of the germinating seed
PLUMULE
normally it is the AERIAL PART OF THE PLANT BODY. the stem with its branches, leaves, buds, flower, and appendages is known as
SHOOT SYSTEM
the stem shows the differentiation of ___ and ____
NODES AND INTERNODES
the place where the LEAF DEVELOPS ON THE STEM is called the ____
NODE
the portion of the stem BETWEEN TWO SUCCESSIVE NODES is called the ____
INTERNODE
- located at the TIPS OF ROOTS AND SHOOTS
- GIVE RISE to three primary meristems (protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium)
APICAL MERISTEMS
PRIMARY MERISTEMS
PROTODERM
GROUND MERISTEM
PROCAMBIUM
develops into GROUND TISSUES
GROUND EMRISTEM
develops into VASCULAR TISSUES
PROCAMBIUM
develops into the DERMAL SYSTEM
PROTODERM
are cylindrical, SECONDARY EMRISTEMS in both stem and root that give rise to either VASCULAR TISSUE OR SECONDARY DERMAL TISSUES.
LATERAL MERISTEMS
located between xylem and phloem; produces secondary xylem and phloem
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
located between phloem and bark; produces bark to reduce water loss and protects stem (in woody plants only)
CORK CAMBIUM / PHELLOGEN
produces PRIMARY xylem and phloem
PROCAMBIUM
growth that occurs during a FINITE JUVENILE PHASE, and then stops
DETERMINATE GROWTH
growth that occurs THROUGHTOUR THE LIFE of the organism
INDETERMINATE GROWTH
lives for about A YEAR, flowers and dies
ANNUAL PLANT
lives for MORE THAN ONE YEAR
PERENNIAL PLANT
GROWING POINT of the stem
BUD
single bud LOCATED AT THE APEX of the stem
TERMINAL BUD
protects and covers the bud
BUD SCALES
MARKS leaves on the stem from the PREVIOUS YEARS which serve as an EXTERNAL MEASURE OF ANNUAL GROWTH.
Terminal bud scale scars
occur in the LEAF AXILS on the SIDE OF A STEM
Lateral buds/Axillary buds
MARK that leaves on the stem after the LEAF FALLS DOWN
LEAF SCAR
pores that facilitate GAS EXCHANGE
LENTICELS
segment of stem where LEAVES AND LATERAL BUDS ARE ATTACHED.
NODE
section of a stem BETWEEN TWO NODES
INTERNODE
used in the IDENTIFICATION OF THE WOODY PLANTS and it is a mark left in the leaf scar from the VASCULAR TISSUE ATTACHMENT
BUNDLE SCAR
the OUTERMOST LAYER of the stem and usually
functions to waterproof, protect and control gas exchange.
EPIDERMIS
lies BELOW THE EPIDERMIS, it consists of hypodermis, parenchyma cell, and endodermis
CORTEX
comprises of phloem and xylem.
VASCULAR BUNDLES
dense, multi-branched
evergreen shrub
SANTAN / SCARLET JUNGLE FLAME
Ixora coccinea
Rubiaceae
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
SANTAN / SCARLET JUNGLE FLAME
Ixora coccinea
FAMILY NAME:
SANTAN
RUBIACEAE
COMMON NAME:
Ixora coccinea
SANTAN / SCARLET JUNGLE FLAME
thin, soft and GREEN IN COLOR except those that grow underground; herbs
HERBACEOUS STEMS
Plants with herbaceous stems are also known as
HERBS
TALLER, THICKER, and harder than herbaceous stems
WOODY STEMS
