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BOTANY LAB > M3: PLANT CELLS AND TISSUES > Flashcards

M3: PLANT CELLS AND TISSUES Flashcards

1
Q

are EUKARYOTIC CELLS or cells with a MEMBRANE-BOUND NUCLEUS.

A

PLANT CELLS

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2
Q

the DNA in a plant cell is housed within ____ that is enveloped by a membrane

A

NUCLEUS

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3
Q

_________ have a WIDE RANGE OF RESPONSIBILITIES that include everything from producing hormones and enzymes to providing energy for a plant cell.

A

ORGANELLES

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4
Q

tiny cellular structures

A

ORGANELLES

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5
Q

which is larger: plant cells or animal cells?

A

PLANT CELLS

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6
Q

structures that are only found in plant cell

A

cell wall, a large vacuole, and plastids

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7
Q

assist in STORING and HARVESTING needed substances for the plant

A

PLASTIDS (chloroplasts)

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8
Q

structures that are only found in animal cells

A

centrioles, lysosomes, and cilia and flagella

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9
Q

thin, SEMI-PERMEABLE membrane SURROUNDS THE CYTOPLASM of a cell, enclosing its contents.

A

CELL MEMBRANE / PLASMA MEMBRANE

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10
Q

RIGID OUTER COVERING of the cell PROTECTS the plant cell and GIVES IT SHAPE.

A

CELL WALL

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11
Q

the SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS in a plant cell. They contain CHLOROPHYLL, a green pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight.

A

CHLOROPLAST

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12
Q

a GREEN PIGMENT that absorbs energy from sunlight.

A

CHLOROPHYLL

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13
Q

The GEL-LIKE SUBSTANCE within the cell membrane is known as ______. It contains water, enzymes, salts, organelles, and various organic molecules.

A

CYTOPLASM

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14
Q

NETWORK OF FIBERS throughout the cytoplasm helps the cell MAINTAIN ITS SHAPE and gives support to the cell.

A

CYTOSKELETON

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15
Q

an extensive network of membranes

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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16
Q

synthesizes proteins and lipids.

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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17
Q

ER with ribosomes

A

ROUGH ER

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18
Q

ER without ribosomes

A

SMOOTH ER

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19
Q

responsible for MANUFACTURING, storing and SHPPING (PACKAGING) certain cellular products including proteins.

A

GOLGI BODIES / GOLGI APPARATUS / GOLGI COMPLEX

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20
Q

These HOLLOW RODS function primarily to help support and shape the cell. They are important for CHROMOSOME MOVEMENT in mitosis and meiosis, as well as cytosol movement within a cell.

A

MICROTUBULES

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21
Q

GENERATE ENERGY for the cell by converting glucose (produced by photosynthesis) and oxygen to ATP. This process is known as respiration.

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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22
Q

structure within the nucleus helps in the SYNTHESIS OF RIBOSOMES

A

NUCLEOLUS

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23
Q

TINY HOLES within the nuclear membrane allow nucleic acids and proteins to move into and out of the nucleus.

A

NUCLEOPORE

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24
Q

tiny, single membrane bound structures that contain enzymes which PRODUCE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE as a by-product. These structures are involved in plant processes such as PHOTORESPIRATION.

A

PEROXISOMES

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25
Q

play an important role in both CATABOLIC AND ANABOLIC pathways in plants. _____ BREAK THE FATTY ACID into succinate in lipid rich seeds like castor bean.

A

GLYOXYSOMES

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26
Q

These PORES OR CHANNELS are found BETWEEN PLANT CELL WALLS and allow molecules and communication signals to pass between individual plant cells.

A

PLASMODESMATA

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27
Q

Consisting of RNA and proteins, ribosomes are responsible for PROTEIN ASSEMBLY. They can be found either attached to the rough ER or free in the cytoplasm.

A

RIBOSOMES

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28
Q

This plant cell organelle PROVIDES SUPPORT for and participates in a variety of cellular functions including storage, detoxification, protection, and growth. When a plant cell matures, it typically contains one large liquid-filled _____.

A

VACUOLE

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29
Q

occurs in various shapes and size. They are differentiated based on their composition and shape.

A

CRYSTALS

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30
Q

fine, NEEDLE LIKE crystals OCCURING SINGLY OR IN CLUSTER, scattered, or ENCLOSED IN A SAC as in gabi or other succulent plants

A

RAPHIDE

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31
Q

PRISM-LIKE or DIAMOND-LIKE crystals found in leaves of begonia or bangka bangkaan

A

PRISMATIC

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32
Q

FLOWERLIKE appearance in santan and stem of kutsarita plant

A

ROSETTE

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33
Q

KNIFE-LIKE, tapering at both ends

A

STYLOID

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34
Q

GRAPELIKE as seen in HYPODERMAL CELL of leaf of an Indian rubber tree or ampalaya like plant.

A

CYSTOLITH

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35
Q

Calcium oxalate (CaC2O4):

A

RAPHIDE
PRISMATIC
ROSETTE
STYLOID

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36
Q

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3):

A

CYSTOLITH

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37
Q

STACKS OF FLATTENED DISCS OR VESICLES that may be scattered throughout the cytoplasm

A

DICTYOSOMES

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38
Q

involved in the MODIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES attached to proteins that are synthesized and packaged in the endoplasmic reticulum

A

DICTYOSOMES

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39
Q

necessary to STORE STARCH and to CARRY OUT THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

A

PLASTIDS

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40
Q

HETEROGENOUS, COCLORED PLASTIDS which is responsible for PIGMENT SYNTHESIS and for storage in photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms

A

CHROMOPLASTS

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41
Q

red, orange, yellow-colored pigments which provide color to all ripe fruits and flowers

A

CHROMOPLASTS

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42
Q

the FLUID WITHIN THE CHLOROPLAST that comprises circular DNA

A

STROMA

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43
Q

CORKSCREW-LIKE RIBBONS SHAPE; cells of the green algae

A

SPIROGYRA

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44
Q

BRACELET-SHAPED chloroplasts: other green algae

A

ULOTHRIX

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45
Q

they help in the TRANSPORT OF WATER and minerals from the roots to the leaves and other parts of the plants

A

XYLEM

46
Q

they TRANSPORT FOOD prepared by the leaves to different parts of the plant

A

PHLOEM

47
Q

the process in which LIGHT ENERGY is converted to chemical energy in the form of sugars

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

48
Q

STORES ENERGY FROM THE SUN through the form of ATP and NADPH

A

LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION

49
Q

can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration

A

CALVIN CYCLE REACTIONS

50
Q

ATP

A

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

51
Q

NADPH

A

NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE

52
Q

THREE BASIC TYPES OF PLANT TISSUE

A

PARENCHYMA
COLLENCHYMA
SCLERENCHYMA

53
Q

TYPES OF PLANT TISSUES

A

MERISMATIC
PERMANENT (NON-MERISMATIC)

54
Q

analogous to stem cells in animals; undifferentiated continue to divide and CONTRIBUTE TO THE GROWTH OF THE PLANT

(constantly dividing)

A

MERISMATIC TISSUE

55
Q

consist of plant cells that are NO LONGER ACTIVELY DIVIDING

A

PERMANENT TISSUE

56
Q

___ produce cells that quickly differentiate, or specialize, and become permanent tissue

A

MERISTEMS

57
Q

meristems produce cells that quickly differentiate, or specialize, and become ______ tissue

A

PERMANENT

58
Q

3 MAIN TISSUE TYPES

A

DERMAL
VASCULAR
GROUND TISSUE

59
Q

OUTERMOST LAYER of any plant organ with primary growth

A

EPIDERMIS

60
Q

specialized cells that are present in the epidermis

A

GUARD CELLS of the stomata

61
Q

the OUTWARD GROWTH of epidermal cells is known as

A

EPIDERMAL HAIR OR TRICHOME

62
Q

the epidermis produces a waxy material called

A

CUTICLE

63
Q

prevents water loss by transpiration

A

EPIDERMIS

64
Q

the LEAST SPECIALIZED PERMANENT TISSUE composed of living thin-walled cells

A

PARENCHYMA

65
Q

these cells help to synthesize and STORE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS in the plant

A

PARENCHYMA

66
Q

the MIDDLE TISSUE LAYER of leaves that is composed of parenchyma cells; this layer contains plant CHLOROPLASTS

A

MESOPHYLL

67
Q

ELONGATED CYLINDRICAL CELLS with long axis at the right angle to the surface of the organ

A

CHLORENCHYMA

68
Q

specialized for gas exchange

A

AERENCHYMA

69
Q

ONE TYPE CELL

A

SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUE

70
Q

have a support function in plants, particularly in YOUNGER PLANTS

A

COLLENCHYMA CELLS

71
Q

help to support plants while not restraining growth. these cells are elongated in shape and have thick primary cell walls composed of carbohydrate polymers cellulose and pectin

A

COLLENCHYMA CELLS

72
Q

they are able to stretch along with a plant as it grows

A

COLLENCHYMA CELLS

73
Q

collenchyma cells are found in the ____ of stems

A

CORTEX

74
Q

a layer between the epidermis and vascular tissue

A

CORTEX

75
Q

have a HARDENING AGENT in their cell walls and are much more RIGID

A

SCHLERENCHYMA

76
Q

have varied sizes and shapes, and most volume of these cells is taken up by the cell wall

A

SCLEREIDS

77
Q

elongated, SLENDER CELLS that are STRAND-LIKE in appearance. these are STRONG and FLEXIBLE and are found in stems, roots, fruit walls, and leaf vascular bundles

A

FIBERS

78
Q

the OUTER IMPERMEABLE protective layer of a secondary plant body

A

CORK

79
Q

composed of compactly arranged DEAD LIGNIFIED and suberized cells WITHOUT INTERCELLULAR SPACES

A

CORK

80
Q

has a hardening agent in the TISSUE that makes it rigid and capable of functioning in STRUCTURAL SUPPORT AND TRANSPORTATION

A

XYLEM

81
Q

TRANSPORT WATER throughout the plant

A

XYLEM

82
Q

ONE OR MORE / DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLS

A

COMPLEX PERMANENT TISSUE

83
Q

stacks of coins with double membranes

A

GRANA (singular: granum)

84
Q

liquid portion of the chloroplast; a colorless fluid matrix

A

STROMA

85
Q

if exposed to light, some ___ wil develop into chloroplasts, and vice versa

A

LEUCOPLAST

86
Q

they are found in the NON-PHOTOSYNTHETIS tissue of plants. used for storage of protein, lipids, and starch

A

LEUCOPLAST

87
Q

contains chlorophyll

A

CHLOROPLAST

88
Q

contains carotenoids

A

CHROMOPLAST

89
Q

no pigment

A

LEUCOPLAST

90
Q

a membrane that SURROUNDS the CENTRAL VACUOLE

A

TONOPLAST

91
Q

its vital function apart from storage is to SUSTAIN TURGOR PRESSURE AGAINST THE CELL WALL

A

CENTRAL VACUOLE

92
Q

the central vacuole consists of

A

CELL SAP

93
Q

sicentific name:
strangleworth

A

CYNANCHUM ACUTUM

94
Q

cells that can provide structural support for tissues while maintaining FLEXIBILITY

A

COLLENCHYMA CELLS

95
Q

two types of sclerenchyma cells

A

SCLEREIDS AND FIBERS

96
Q

composed of different kind of cells but perform the same function.

A

COMPLEX PERMANENT TISSUE

97
Q

resembleOPEN-ENDED TUBES that are arranged end to end allowing water to flow within the tubes

A

VESSEL ELEMENTS

98
Q

have hardened secondary cell walls and function in water conduction

A

TRACHEIDS

99
Q

specialized parenchyma cells that carry out metabolic functions for sieve tube elements

A

COMPANION CELLS

100
Q

Phloem also contains ____ cells that provide structural support by increasing RIGIDITY and FLEXIBILITY.

A

SCLERENCHYMA

101
Q

The cells of _______ have few organelles allowing for easier passage of nutrients

A

SEIVE TUBE ELEMENTS

102
Q

Three main types in angiosperms

A

apical, intercalary and lateral

103
Q

A structure known as the _____ DUPLICATES ITSELF to form two daughter ___ that migrate to opposite ends of the cell.

A

CENTROSOMES

104
Q

The centrosomes organize the production of microtubules that form the spindle fibers that constitute the ______

A

MITOTIC SPINDLE

105
Q

Each replicated chromosome can now be seen to consist of two identical _____ (or sister _____)

A

CHROMATIDS

106
Q

chromatids are held together by

A

CENTROMERE

107
Q

equatorial plane in the mid-line of the cell

A

METAPHASE PLATE

108
Q

Individual spindle fibers bind to a ____ structure on each side of the centromere.

A

KINETOCHORE

109
Q

final stage of mitosis

A

TELOPHASE

110
Q

final cellular division to form two new cells

A

CYTOKINESIS

111
Q

sex cells division

A

MEIOSIS

BOTANY LAB (12 decks)

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