M1 & M2: MICROSCOPE & CALCULATIONS Flashcards
an instrument for viewing what is small
MICROSCOPIUM
the word microscope came from the greek word
SKOPION “means of viewing”
WHAT DOES SKOPION MEANS
MEANS OF VIEWING
SKOPION came from the word
SKOPEIN “look at”
WHAT DOES SKOPEIN MEANS
LOOK AT
CONTAINS THE OCULAR LENS which you will be looking through to see the magnified specimens with magnification raging from 5X to 30X, but 10X or 15X is the most common in use.
EYEPIECE
provides a RE-MAGNIFIED IMAGE to see when light enters through the objective lens.
OCULAR LENS
It CONNECTS the EYEPIECE AND OCULAR LENS to the OBJECTIVE LENSES
EYEPIECE TUBE
It connects the EYEPIECE TUBE TO THE BASE where you should hold when carrying the microscope.
MICROSCOPE ARM
It provides STABILITY AND SUPPORT for the microscope in its upright position. Typically, it HOLDS THE SOURCE OF LIGHT or illuminator.
MICROSCOPE BASE
It is a LIGHT SOURCE which can come in a form of a built-in, low voltage illuminator light, or a mirror that reflects an external light source like sunlight.
ILLUMINATOR
It serves as the PLATFORM FOR SLIDES. Some has mechanical stage with adjustment knobs that allow movement of slides to achieve more precise positioning.
STAGE
HOLD THE SPECIMEN IN PLACE on either side.
STAGE CLIPS
It CONTAINS THE OBJECTIVE LENSES. You can rotate this part in switching objective lenses and adjust the magnification power.
NOSEPIECE
Generally, microscope feature three or four _______, with magnification levels ranging 4X to 100X. _____ are combining with the eyepiece lens to INCREASE MAGNIFICATION LEVELS. ______ are the lenses that PROTRUDE DOWNWARD over the specimen.
OBJECTIVE LENSES
magnification level of SCANNING lens
4X
magnification level of LPO lens
10X
magnification level of HPO lens
40X
magnification level of OIO lens
100X
It PREVENTS users from MOVING OBJECTIVES TOO CLOSE TO THE SLIDE
RACK STOP
used to bring the specimen into INITIAL FOCUS – visible but not sharp
COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB
turned to bring the specimen into SHARP FOCUS.
FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB
adjusts the distance between the stage and the lens
KNOBS
CONCENTRATES THE LIGHT on the specimen
CONDENSER
a SMALL MOVABLE LEVER is adjusted that REGULATES THE ENTRY OF LIGHT.
DIAPHRAGM
the MEASURE for the ABILITY TO TELL TWO POINTS APART. It describes whether two adjoining points can still be perceived as separate.
POWER OF RESOLUTION
the product of Vobjective X Vocular
MAGNIFICATION OF A MICROSCOPE
the SINE OF HALF THE ANGLE of the cone of light from each point of the object that can be accepted by the objective multiplied by the index of refraction of the medium in which the object is immersed.
NUMERICAL APERTURE
refers to the DISTANCE FROM THE COVER GLASS to the nearest point of the objective.
WORKING DISTANCE
refers to the DISTANCE BETWEEN THE UPPER AND LOWER LIMITS OF SHARPNESS in the image formed by an optical system.
FOCAL DEPTH
This is a number that REPRESENTS THE DIAMETER IN MM of the image of the field diaphragm that is formed by the lens in front of it.
FIELD NUMBER
The ACTUAL SIZE OF THE FIELD OF VIEW in mm on the object surface
FIELD OF VIEW DIAMETER
Magnifying an object WITHOUT GOOD RESOLUTION is called _________
EMPTY MAGNIFICATION
FORMULA FOR TOTAL MAGNIFICATION
Vobjective x Vocular
magnification of OCULAR LENS
10X
FOV using EYEPIECE only
magnification / field number (20)
***expressed in mm
FOV using EYEPIECE & OBJECTIVE LENS
Vocular x Vobjective = ans
field number (20) / ans
***expressed in mm
refractive index n of air
1
refractive index n of water
1.33
refractive index n of glycerin
1.47
refractive index n of oil
1.518
refractive index n of oil 444067
1.66
formula for ACTUAL SIZE of the cell
dFOV (usually 2mm) / no. of cells na nakikita within the FOV
**if naka micrometer, conver to mm
**if naka mm, convert to micrometer
***usually expressed in mm (depends on the given intsruction)
formula for DRAWING MAGNIFICATION
drawing size / actual size in um
***if naka mm, convert to um
