STDs 2

Question 1

Gonorrhea

Answer 1

bacteria: neisseria gonorrohoeae
- lives in submucosal tissues (urethra, cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries, rectum, throat)
- “clap”, “drip” or GC

Question 2

transmission of Gonorrhea

Answer 2

• semen, vaginal, or bacteria in pus
• vaginal, anal, oral sex
• mother to infant during vaginal childbirth

Question 3

s/s of Gonorrhea

Answer 3

• 50% asymptomatic in F
• 10% asymptomatic in M
• symptoms are the same as Chlamydia, but more sudden
• rectal infection: possible discharge, bleeding, or pain while pooping
• throat infection: mild sore throat & redness
• conjunctivitis

Question 4

female s/s of Gonorrhea

Answer 4

• mostly infects the cervix
• increased discharge, vulva irritation
• yellow discharge on cervical exam, redness to cervix, & easily bleeds when swabbed
• dysuria, bleeding within periods, lower abd pain & fever

Question 5

male s/s of Gonorrhea

Answer 5

mostly infects urethra

• dysuria
• white, yellow, possibly greenish discharge = thicker & greater than Chlamydia

Question 6

complications of Gonorrhea in females

Answer 6

• PID
• Bartholin’s & Skene’s glands infection
• increased risk of spontaneous abortion, premature labor, early rupture of fetal membranes, gonococcal conjunctivitis, rectal infections in newborns, systemic illness with arthritis in newborns

Question 7

complications of Gonorrhea in males

Answer 7

• epididymitis

- penile edema

Question 8

complications of Gonorrhea in adults

Answer 8

disseminated gonococcal infection (skin lesions, arthritis/joint pain)

Question 9

diagnosing Gonorrhea

Answer 9

• ligase chain reaction (done on urine samples)

- cell culture (additional tests need to be done if sample is from throat)

Question 10

tx of Gonorrhea

Answer 10

• cephalosporins
• drug resistance to penicillin may be an issue
• drug resistance in CA to fluroquinolones

Question 11

Syphilis

Answer 11

• bacteria: Treponema pallidum
• spirochete
• high rates in Caucasians & Latinos

Question 12

Syphilis-HIV connection

Answer 12

• ulcerative STD: causes chancres which can be portals of entry for HIV
• co infection with Syphilis increases ability to transmit HIV

Question 13

transmission of Syphilis

Answer 13

• infected skin or mucous membrane via the rubbing & friction during sex
• NOT passed through body fluids
• can be passed through vaginal, anal, & oral sex

Question 14

primary Syphilis

Answer 14

• chancre appears: painless sore to site of entry
• very infectious, chancres full of bacteria
• lasts 2-6 wks

Question 15

secondary Syphilis

Answer 15

• appears about 6 wks after chancre appears
• most common symptom: skin rash usually to torso, palms of hands, or bottoms of feet
• other s/s: round gray mucous patches in mouth & throat, patchy loss of hair, mild fever, fatigue
• symptoms can come & go for about 1 year

Question 16

early latent Syphilis

Answer 16

• one year of less from date of infection

- may still be infectious to sex partners & women can pass to fetus

Question 17

late latent Syphilis

Answer 17

• more than one year since date of infection
• no symptoms
• no longer infectious
• 1/3 will develop serious complications

Question 18

tertiary/late Syphilis

Answer 18

• usually occurs long after infection

- “gumma”: large ulcers of the skin, bones, soft tissue nodular lesions & other internal tissues

Question 19

complications of congenital Syphilis

Answer 19

• stillborns
• nasal discharge
• rashes
• skin sores
• perm. brain & nerve dmg
• bone & palate deformities

Question 20

diagnosing Syphilis

Answer 20

• non-treponemal screening: tests antibodies for tissue dmg
• treponemal screening: tests directly for Syphilis antibodies
• dark field microscope ** gold standard
• spinal fluid exam to diagnose neurosyphilis

Question 21

tx of Syphilis

Answer 21

• easily curable
• benzathine penicillin G
• doxycycline or tetracycline
• once treated, the disease is stopped & dmg no longer continue
• dmg already done in later stages is not reversible

Question 22

prevention of Syphilis

Answer 22

• avoid direct contact with chancres & rashes
• use latex barriers, less effective in skin-to-skin transmission
• talk to sex partner about STBs, limit # of partners