cervical CA Flashcards
1
Q
cervical CA
A
- slow malignant change in the tissue forming at the neck of the uterus at the squamacolumna junction
- spreads by direct invasion of surrounding tissues & metastasis to the lungs, bones & liver
- progression from normal cervical cells to dysplasia and then to cervical CA appears to be related to repeated injuries to the cervix
- preventable
- STI
- slow progression over years
2
Q
risk factors of cervical CA
A
- low socioeconomics
- early first marriage
- early/frequent intercourse
- multiple sex partners
- STDs
- high parity
- poor hygiene
- immunosuppresion
- smoking
3
Q
s/s of cervical CA
A
- precancerous changes are asymptomatic
- back & leg pain
- spotting after intercourse & between periods
- water to dark & foul smelling vaginal discharge
- lengthening of menstrual period
4
Q
diagnosing cervical CA
A
- pap test
- schiller iodine test: glycogen staining (+ stain indicates malignancy)
- endoscopic procedures
- colposcopy
- biopsy
5
Q
stage I cervical CA
A
confined to cervix
6
Q
stage II cervical CA
A
extends beyond cervix but not to the pelvic sidewall of vagina
7
Q
stage III cervical CA
A
-extends to the pelvic sidewall and lower third vagina, hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney
8
Q
stage IV cervical CA
A
extends beyond the pelvis to the bladder mucose or rectum
9
Q
nonsurgical interventions of cervical CA
A
- external radiation
- internal radiation implants
- chemo
- laser tx
- cryosurgery
10
Q
surgical interventions of cervical CA
A
- conization
- hysterectomy
- hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy
- pelvic exenteration
11
Q
collaborative care of cervical CA
A
- HPV vaccine & early tx
- annual pap smears
- teaching of causes & preventive measures
12
Q
ovarian CA
A
- malignant neoplasm of the ovaries
- increased susceptibility with BRCA gene
- epithelial cell tumors more frequent in perimenopausal women
- common in white than black
- rare in asians
13
Q
causes of ovarian CA
A
- nulliparity
- increasing age
- high fat diet
- HRT
- use of infertility drugs
14
Q
rarely dx of ovarian CA
A
abd cavity can accommodate an enlarging ovary without causing symptoms
15
Q
poor prognosis of ovarian CA
A
because of the advanced stage at initial dx which is usually II - IV
