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STD's Overview Flashcards

1
Q

4 Causes of genital ulcers

A
  1. HSV-2 (and -1)
  2. Primary syphilis: Treponema pallidum
  3. LGV: Chlamydia trachomatis L1-L3
  4. Chancroid: Haemophilis ducreyi
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2
Q

6 Causes of “drips”

A
  1. Chlamydia trachomatis D-K
  2. Gonorrhea: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  3. Ureaplasma urelyticum
  4. Trichomoniasis: Trichomonas vaginalis
  5. Candidiasis: Candida albicans
  6. BV: Gardnerella vaginalis + other anaerobes
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3
Q

3 Causes of warts:

A
  1. HPV
  2. Secondary syphilis
  3. Molluscum contagiosum (a Pox virus)
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4
Q

HSV structure?

A

enveloped, large dsDNA

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5
Q

HSV-__ is usually oral

HSV-__ is usually genital

A

1

2

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6
Q

HSV diagnosis is via:

A

blood PCR

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7
Q

What is a Tzanck smear?

A

smear used to visualized multinucleated giant cells, which are dx of HSV

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8
Q

What is notable about the presentation of primary and recurrent herpes?

A

they are hard to distinguish: painful, clustered blisters (although 1’ may be more painful)

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9
Q

Treponema palladium is what type of bacteria? Thus, it cannot be seen by _____, and must be visualized by _____.

A

spirochete
Gram stain
darkfield microscopy

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10
Q

What are the classic symptoms associated with primary, secondary and tertiary syphilis?

A 
1' = chancre
2' = maculopapular rash (even on hands)
3' = gummas, dementia, aortic aneurysm
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11
Q

Preferred testing for syphilis?

Other options?

A
  1. RPR
  2. VDRL
    * *non-treponemal testing (cheaper, specific)

Other = Treponemal FTA-Abs

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12
Q

DOC for syphilis?

A

PCN

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13
Q

LGV: Chlamydia trachomatis L1-3 is characterized by what symptom?

A

swollen inguinal lesion

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14
Q

Painless lesion on penis =

A

syphilis

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15
Q

Painful lesion on penis =

A

herpes

chanchroid

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16
Q

Dysuria + painful =

A

trich

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17
Q

Itchy + discharge =

A

candida

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18
Q

Exudate + smell =

A

BV

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19
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae:

Structure?

A

G- diplococci

Kissing kidney beans

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20
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae:

Clinical presentation?

A

purulent urethritis/cervicitis

PID

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21
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae:

Dx?

A

growth on Thayer Martin medium or Gram stain of urethral smear

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22
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae:

DOC?

A

ceftriaxone

+ azithro or doxy

23
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae:

What is notable about immunity?

A

antigenic variation = no permanent immunity

24
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis DK:

Structure?

A

obligate intracellular bacteria lacking a cell wall

25
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis DK:

Replication?

A

cyclical, between EB and RB

26
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis DK:

Clinical presentation?

A

non-gonococcal urethritis/cervicitis/PID

27
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis DK:

Dx?

A

NAAT on urine

28
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis DK:

DOC?

A

azithro or doxy (+/- ceftriaxone)

29
Q

Trichimonas vaginalis:

Structure?

A

flagellated parasite

30
Q

Trichimonas vaginalis:

Clinical presentation?

A

painful vaginitis

dysuria

31
Q

Trichimonas vaginalis:

Pathophys?

A

destruction of epith cells + inflammatory response

32
Q

Trichimonas vaginalis:

Dx?

A

wet mount looking for twitching motility of flagellates

33
Q

Trichimonas vaginalis:

DOC?

A

metronidazole

34
Q

Candida:

Structure?

A

budding yeast that use pseudohyphae for invasion

35
Q

Candida is associated with what additional factors/conditions?

A

DM
Immunosuppression
abx

36
Q

Candida:

Clinical presentation?

A

vulvovaginitis

commonly, recurrence

37
Q

Candida:

Dx?

A

KOH preps looking for budding yeast

38
Q

Candida:

DOC?

A

azoles or nystatin

39
Q

HPV:

Structure?

A

nonenveloped
circular
dsDNA

40
Q

HPV:

Causative agent for what conditions?

A

common warts
genital/pharyngeal warts
cervical cancer

41
Q

HPV establishes what type of infection, and in what type of cell?

A

persistent infections

non-permissive cells (keratinocytes in our example)

42
Q

HPV:

Trx?

A

removal

imiquimod

43
Q

What is transformation (HPV)?

A

HPV infects cells and genome replicates, but no viruses are produced

44
Q

How does HPV shed?

A

keratinocytes mature normally; once they reach the surface mature viruses are released

45
Q

What is the difference between malignant and non-malignant HPV tumors?

A

malignant genome = partial, with loss of E6 and E7

nonmalignant genome = circular, full-length, extrachromosomal

46
Q

HPV-affected cells turn white when exposed to:

A

10% acetic acid

47
Q

Complications associated with HSV: in utero + adult?

A

congenital or in utero infection:

  • -disseminated disease
  • -encephalitis
adult:
CNS infections (encephalitis or meningitis)
48
Q

Complications associated with syphilis: in utero + adult?

A

in utero: still births or spontaneous infection (which may not manifest for 2 yrs)

adult: CNS, leading to meningitis or insanity

49
Q

Complications associated with gonorrhea: congenital + adult?

A

congenital: ophthalmia neonatorum

adult:

  • -rash
  • -arthritis
  • -fever
  • -PID
50
Q

Complications associated with chlamydia?

A

congenital:

  • -ophthalmia neonatorum
  • -infant pneumonia

adult: PID

51
Q

Complications associated with HPV?

A

cervical, throat and anal cancers

52
Q

T/F: concurrent infections are common.

53
Q

Often, unapparent infections lead to:

A

spread + significant complications (e.g. PID)

Repro (27 decks)

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