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Repro > Histo of the Female Repro Tract and Breast (Nichols) > Flashcards

Histo of the Female Repro Tract and Breast (Nichols) Flashcards

1
Q

definition of mucosa

A

lining/membrane of body passages that communicate directly or indirectly with the exterior
**commonly contain mucin-secreting glands

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2
Q

defn of serosa

A

outermost later of an organ in a serosal cavity (peritoneal, pleural, or pericardial)

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3
Q

What makes up serosa

A

fibroelastic tissue covered by mesothelium continuous with the lining of the cavity

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4
Q

acellular fibrous/collagenous membrane separating the organized cellular elements of a tissue from the interstitium

A

Basement membrane

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5
Q

the purely cellular avascular layer covering and lining of all the external and internal surfaces of the body and assc glands

A

epithelium

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6
Q

the supportive connective tissue around the parenchyma

A

stroma

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7
Q

the functional tissue of an organ

A

parenchyma

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8
Q

covered by mesothelium continuous with the lining of the cavity

A

serosa

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9
Q

follicualr phase of the ovary correlates to the ____ phase of the endometrium

A

proliferative

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10
Q

the secretory phase of the uterus correlates to what phase of the ovary

A

luteal

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11
Q

Why does menstruation occur? (philosophical answer, not biochem/physiological)

A

evolutionary advantage for reproduction to be able to slough off endometrium and the infections that were brewing in there

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12
Q

What role does estrogen and progesterone play in menstruation?

A

the ABSENCE of them allow menstruation to occut

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13
Q

What role do the arteries play in menstruation?

A

they vasoconstrict/spasm → cut off blood supply → ischemic necrosis → sloughing

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14
Q

What inflammatory cells are present in the mentrual phase? Why?

A

neutrophils: ischemia causes an acute inflammatory response ***they also PREVENT INFECTION from the necrosis/sloughing

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15
Q

At what stage of the menstrual cycle will the histology of the endometrium show:
spindle shaped cells in the stroma

A

proliferative

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16
Q

At what stage of the menstrual cycle will the histology of the endometrium show:
fragmented glands

A

menstrual

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17
Q

At what stage of the menstrual cycle will the histology of the endometrium show:
straight glands with pseudostratified epithelium

A

proliferative

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18
Q

At what stage of the menstrual cycle will the histology of the endometrium show:
basal cytoplasmic vacuoles

A

secretory

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19
Q

At what stage of the menstrual cycle will the histology of the endometrium show:
round stromal cells

A

pre-menstrual

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20
Q

At what stage of the menstrual cycle will the histology of the endometrium show:
tortuous dilated glands with secretions

A

secretory

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21
Q

At what stage of the menstrual cycle will the histology of the endometrium show:
degenerating blood/hemosiderin

A

menstrual

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22
Q

At what stage of the menstrual cycle will the histology of the endometrium show:
decidualized endometrium

A

pre-menstrual

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23
Q

histo changes of the of endometrium as it progresses thru the menstrual cycle

A

menstrual endothelium: fragmented glands and stroma and degenerating blood

proliferative: straight glands lined with pseudostratified epithelium and spindle shaped cells in the stroma
secretory: basal cytoplasmic vacuoles + tortuous dilated glands containing secretions

pre-menstrual: decidualized endometrium with large round stomal cells (decidualization is characteristic of the endometrial changes of pregnancy but it can also be used to describe the changes induced by progesterone)

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24
Q

when do the primordial follicles develop?

A

in utero, they arrest until puberty

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25
Q

what signals the primordial follicles to progress into an early primary follicle?

A

FSH and LH secretion (at sexual maturity)

26
Q

what causes the primary follicle to progess to a secondary follicle

A

when the first meiotic division is completed

27
Q

what does the secondary follicle become when the second meiotic division starts

A

Graafian follicle containing secondary oocyte

28
Q

after ovulation what becomes of the follicle if it is not fertilized

A

corpus luteum → corpus albicans

29
Q

what does a primary follicle have that primordial follicles do not have?

A

primary follicles have granulosa cells

30
Q

have primary or primordial follicles completed meiosis?

A

neither!!

31
Q

what stage of the follicle maturation is “antrium forming”

A

secondary follicle

32
Q

what are the components of a mature follicle

A 
stratum granulosum 
theca interna ans externa
antrum 
zona pellucida
cumulos oophorus
33
Q

what are the oocyes producing during the proliferative phase?

A

granulosa cells make FSH which stimulates themselves to convert androgens to estradiol

34
Q

After ovulation (ie the secretory phase) what do the oocytes produce?

A

granulosa leutin cells make progesterone

35
Q

how would a granulosa cell tumor manifest clinically in a child?

A

precocious puberty

36
Q

how would a granulosa cell tumor manifest clinically as an adult (pre-menopause)

A

abn uterine bleeding

37
Q

how would a granuolosa cell tumor manifest clinically after menopause?

A

↑ androgen production → ↑estrogen → endometrial hyperplasia → new bleeding after onset of menopause

38
Q

will become the corona radiata after ovulation

A

granulosa cells

39
Q

what color is the corporus luteum? WHy?

A

yellow, it is filled with lipid/cholesterol to make estrogen

40
Q

what color is the corpora albicantia? why?

A

white, it is scar tissue/collagen

41
Q

what happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization of the ovum occurs?

A

it grows and produces progesterone

42
Q

what happens to the corpus luteum if NO fertilization of the egg occurs?

A

it involutes and becomes corpora albicantia

43
Q

what commonly occurs in the process of involution of the corpus luteum?

A

hemorrhaging

44
Q

single layer of modified peritoneal mesothelial cells overlying the stroma

A

ovary serosa

45
Q

what is the shape of the cells in the stroma of the ovary?

A

spindle shaped

46
Q

70% of ovarian tuors (incl 90% of malignant ones) are from the _____ why?

A

serosal surface bc they are very active cells in that they are constantly repairing and proliferating

47
Q

what are the 2 histo layers of the uterine wall

A

endometrium and myometrium

48
Q

why is the muscle in the uterine wall smooth and not skeletal?

A

smooth so that they can proliferate (skeletal cannot)–this ability is needed for pregnancy

49
Q

describe the wall of the fallopian tube (histo)

A

papillary ciliated epithelium and muscular wall

50
Q

what would happen in an agg was fertilized in the fallopian tube (and got stuck)

A

ectopic → hemorrhage

51
Q

what type of epithelium lines the fallopian tube? why?

A

ciliated to move the egg into the uterus

52
Q

how is the exocervix different than the endocervix? (how would you ID it histologically)

A

exocervix is lined with stratified squamous epithelial cells and the endocervix is lined with columnar epithelium

53
Q

what happens to the exo-endo-cervix during puberty?

A

in childhood, the squamocolumnar junction is at the cervical os and with puberty it moves into the exocervix and is exposed → this exposed columnar epithelium undergoes squamous metaplasia in a transformation zone
**lower pH in the outside

54
Q

the metaplastic squamous cells of the cervical transfomation zone are particualrly prone to infection with

A

HPV

55
Q

what color is columnar glandular epithelium appear on the cervix

A

tan

56
Q

describe the cellular organization of a breast duct

A

lined by 2 cell layers:
• inner epithelial
• outer myoepithelial cells
surrounded by a basement membrane

57
Q

___% of breast cancers are ductal

A

90%

58
Q

how can ductal carcinoma in situ be differentiated from hyperplasia

A

hyperplasia will leave the layer of myoepithelial cells in place
+immunostains to visualize these myoepithelial cells

59
Q

what is decidualization?

A

process in which the stromal cells transfrom from spindle shaped (proliferative phase) to round (secretory phase) under the influence of persistently elevated progesterone in PREGNANCY

60
Q

why does mentrual endometrium look like cancer?

A

large number of epithelial cells that increases the thickness (i.e. both have proliferation of cells)

Repro (27 decks)

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