Stats V Flashcards

1
Q

What is a proportion?

A

the number, a, divided by the whole

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2
Q

What is the difference between rates and proportions?

A

Rates are similar to proportions, but a multiplier is used, and they have a time reference

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3
Q

What are vital statistics?

A

Demographic measures of the health status of a population (e.g. mortality rates, morbidity rates)

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4
Q

What is the crude mortality rate?

A

% death in a given geographic area

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5
Q

What is specific mortality?

A

Specific populations within a geographic region

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6
Q

What are morbidity rates?

A

% people who develop a disease in a given area

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7
Q

What is the prevalence of the disease?

A

= morbidity rate

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8
Q

What is the incidence of a disease?

A

The number of new cases that have occurred in a given area or in a certain population

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9
Q

How do you make adjustments to statistics?

A

Remove confounding factors from influencing data

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10
Q

What are confounding factors?

A

Factors not included in an analysis that affect outcome

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11
Q

What is the experimental event rate?

A

Rate of occurrence of a variable within an experimental group (as opposed to a control)

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12
Q

What is the absolute risk reduction?

A

Experimental event rate - the control event rate

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13
Q

What is the number needed to treat?

A

1/ absolute risk reduction

The number needed to treat to prevent one event

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14
Q

What is the relative risk reduction?

A

EER - CER / CER

The amount of risk reduction relative to the baseline risk

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15
Q

What is the relative risk?

A

EER/CER
The ratio of the incidence of a disease in people who are exposed to a risk, to the incidence in people without exposure to risk

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16
Q

What is the odds ratio?

A

The odds that a person with the disease is exposed to a potential cause for the disease, relative to the odds of a person without the disease is exposed to the potential cause

17
Q

Which is used in a cohort study, and which is used in a case/control study: Relative risk, odds ratio?

A

Relative risk = cohort study

Odds ratio = case/control

18
Q

RR or OR

A

Protective exposure

19
Q

RR or OR >1 = ?

A

Risky exposure

20
Q

RR or OR = 1 =?

A

No effect of exposure

21
Q

What do you have to do to make inferences about the distribution of RR and OR?

A

ln them

22
Q

If the upper and lower limits of the CI of the odds ratio are both >1, what does this mean?

A

Protective effect

23
Q

If the upper and lower limits of the CI of the odds ratio are both

A

Detrimental effect