Stats V Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is a proportion?
the number, a, divided by the whole
What is the difference between rates and proportions?
Rates are similar to proportions, but a multiplier is used, and they have a time reference
What are vital statistics?
Demographic measures of the health status of a population (e.g. mortality rates, morbidity rates)
What is the crude mortality rate?
% death in a given geographic area
What is specific mortality?
Specific populations within a geographic region
What are morbidity rates?
% people who develop a disease in a given area
What is the prevalence of the disease?
= morbidity rate
What is the incidence of a disease?
The number of new cases that have occurred in a given area or in a certain population
How do you make adjustments to statistics?
Remove confounding factors from influencing data
What are confounding factors?
Factors not included in an analysis that affect outcome
What is the experimental event rate?
Rate of occurrence of a variable within an experimental group (as opposed to a control)
What is the absolute risk reduction?
Experimental event rate - the control event rate
What is the number needed to treat?
1/ absolute risk reduction
The number needed to treat to prevent one event
What is the relative risk reduction?
EER - CER / CER
The amount of risk reduction relative to the baseline risk
What is the relative risk?
EER/CER
The ratio of the incidence of a disease in people who are exposed to a risk, to the incidence in people without exposure to risk
What is the odds ratio?
The odds that a person with the disease is exposed to a potential cause for the disease, relative to the odds of a person without the disease is exposed to the potential cause
Which is used in a cohort study, and which is used in a case/control study: Relative risk, odds ratio?
Relative risk = cohort study
Odds ratio = case/control
RR or OR
Protective exposure
RR or OR >1 = ?
Risky exposure
RR or OR = 1 =?
No effect of exposure
What do you have to do to make inferences about the distribution of RR and OR?
ln them
If the upper and lower limits of the CI of the odds ratio are both >1, what does this mean?
Protective effect
If the upper and lower limits of the CI of the odds ratio are both
Detrimental effect
