Stats

Question 1

What is reliability?

Answer 1

1. A degree of consistency to which an instrument or rater measures a particular attribute.
2. A test is considered to be reliable if it produces precisely and reproductive information.

Question 2

What is intra examiner reliability?

Answer 2

The ability of a single rater to obtain the identical measurement during separate performances of the same test

Question 3

What is intre examiner reliability?

Answer 3

A measure of the ability of two or more raters to obtain identical results with the same test.

Question 4

What is kappa coefficient(k)?

Answer 4

A measure of the proportion of potential agreement after chance is removed.

Question 5

What is interclass correlation coefficient(ICC)?

Values?

Answer 5

Commonly used to determine the reliability of data that is continuous in nature.

Values 
less then .10 no reliability
Between .11-.40 slight reliability 
Between .61-.80 moderate reliability 
.81 or higher substantial reliability

Question 6

What is referenced standard?

Answer 6

Criterion considered closest representation of the truth of the disorder being presented.

The results obtain with the reference standard are compared with the results obtained with the test under investigation to determine the percentage of people correctly diagnose or diagnostic accurate.

Question 7

What is the positive predictive value?

Answer 7

The estimate likelihood that a patient with a positive test actually has the disease.

Question 8

What is negative predictive value?

Answer 8

The likelihood that a patient with a negative test does not have the disease.

Question 9

What is sensitive?

Answer 9

1. A test ability to detect those patients who actually have the disorder as indicated by the reference standard.
2. Test with high sensitivity are good for ruling OUT a particular disorder
3. SnNout-high sensitivity and negative result good for ruling out disorder

Question 10

What is specificity?

Answer 10

1. The ability to detect those patients who actually do not have the disorder as indicated by the reference standard.
2. Tests with high specificity are good for ruling IN a disorder.
3. SpPin-high specificity and Positive result good for ruling in disorder.

Question 11

What are likelyhood ratios?(3)

Answer 11

1. Combing test’s sensitivity and specificity to develop an indication in the shift of probability given the specific test results and the value in guiding clinical decision-making.
2. Positive LR indicate a shift in probability favoring the existence of a disorder.
3. Negative LR indicate a shift in probability favoring the absence of a disorder.

Question 12

What is a systematic review?

Answer 12

Synthesizes results from multiple studies and answers a specific clinical question.

Question 13

What is a randomized controlled trial?

Answer 13

Participants of the study are designated by random chance either experimental groups or control groups.

Control groups can receive treatment, no treatment, or placebo.

Question 14

What is a cohort study?

Answer 14

Identify and study a group of people who are already on a existing treatment or have exposure to a variable being looked at.

Group is studied overtime and outcomes are compared to a similar population that is not affected by treatment or condition

Study’s risk factors to see if one can associate a disease or deficit, observational studies only

Question 15

What are case control study’s?

Answer 15

Study the disease or deficit and determine if you can associate risk factors to it.

Often use for rare disorder and look back and medical records for data collection