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OCS > Miscellaneous PT > Flashcards

Miscellaneous PT Flashcards

1
Q

That percentage of athletic injuries are from stress fractures? Runners?

A
  1. 10%

2. 20%

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2
Q

80-95% of stress fractures occur where?

Which bone most commonly injured?

A
  1. Lower extremity

2. Tibia (50% of all cases)

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3
Q

Differential diagnosis of stress fractures? (5)

A
  1. Compartment syndrome
  2. Soft tissues injuries
  3. Infections
  4. Medial tibia stress syndrome
  5. Periostitis
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4
Q

What is the most common in trapped peripheral nerve?

A

Carpal Tunnel syndrome, 3% in general population and 5-15% industrial population.

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5
Q

What are the three types of nerve injury’s?

A
  1. Neurapraxia
  2. Axonotmesis
  3. Neurotmesis
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6
Q

What are signs and symptoms of Neurapraxia?(6)

A
  1. A physiological block caused by ischemia from pressure or stretch of the nerve. Axon and connective tissue sheath remains in tact.
  2. Pain
  3. No or minimal muscle wasting
  4. Muscle weakness
  5. Numbness
  6. Proprioception affected
  7. Recovery time: Minutes to days
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7
Q

What are signs and symptoms of Axonotmesis?(6)

A

1.Injury to axon itself, regeneration of nerve is possible but prolong.

  1. Pain
  2. Muscle wasting evident
  3. Complete motor, sensory, and sympathetic function lost
  4. Recovery time: months-axon regeneration 1in/month or 1mm/day
  5. Sensation is restored before motor function
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8
Q

What are signs and symptoms of Neurotmesis?(5)

A
  1. Structure of nerve is destroyed by cutting, severe scarring, or prolong severe compressions.
  2. No Pain
  3. Muscle wasting
  4. Complete motor, sensory, and sympathetic function lost
  5. Recovery time: Months and only with surgery
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9
Q

Sign and symptoms of long thoracic nerve injury?(3)

A
  1. Direct blow to shoulder, rib fracture, and activities that involve chronic repetitive traction on nerves like tennis, swimming, or baseball.
  2. Shoulder or neck pain that is worse with overhead activities
  3. Scapular winging and weakness with forward flexion of arm.
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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of spinal accessory nerve injury?(5)

A
  1. Trapezius trauma or shoulder dislocation
  2. Radical neck dissection cardiac endarterectomy, and cervical node biopsy are isogenic sources
  3. General pain and weakness of shoulder
  4. Shoulder reveal asymmetry affected side appears to sag
  5. Unable to shrug shoulders towards ears and weakness of forward arm flexion and horizontal plane motion.
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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of subscapular nerve injury?(3)

A
  1. Associated with repetitive overhead loading
  2. May involved supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, weakness with ER
  3. Injury and result from glenoid labrum tear
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12
Q

What are signs and symptoms of pronator symptoms?(6)

A

1.Pronator teres muscle in forearm can compress median nerve
2.Symptoms can mimic carpal tunnel syndrome
3.Discomfort and aching in the forearm with activities of repetitive pronation or forearm
4.Sensory loss over in our Eminem
5.Paresthesias in the thumb and first two digits
6.Assessment of symptom reproduction through a Tinel’s
test at the wrist and provocation of symptoms through
prolonged wrist flexion

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13
Q

What are signs on symptoms of radial tunnel syndrome?(4)

A
  1. Forearm pain that is exacerbated by repetitive for on pronation
  2. Injury to the superficial branch of the radial nerve
  3. Symptoms are identical to lateral epicondylitis
  4. Maximal tenderness to anterior radial neck
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14
Q

What are signs symptoms of posterior interossei syndrome?(5)

A
  1. Compression at radial tunnel
  2. More common in males, manual laborours and bodybuilders
  3. Vague proximal posterior forearm pain with no weakness in more mild cases.
  4. Sever cases weakness in the wrist and finger extensors
  5. Motor only, cause no sensation changes
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15
Q

What are signs and symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome?(7)

A
  1. Risk of acute contusion or chronic compression
  2. Paresthesias of the fourth and fifth digit
  3. Elbow pain radiating to hand
  4. Symptoms worse with prolong or repetitive elbow flexion
  5. Weakness with digit abduction, weak thumb abduction, and weak thumb index finger pinch.
  6. Power grip affected
  7. “clumsiness” of the hand or “loss of coordination” of the fingers instead of weakness.
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16
Q

What nerves can be injured with a anterior shoulder dislocation? (3)

A
  1. Axillary Nerve (42% of time)
  2. Suprascapular Nerve
  3. Long thoracic nerve
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17
Q

What is consider a major pathoanatomical feature of traumatic dislocation? (2)

A

1.Detatchment of anterior inferior labrum and capsule (Bankart lesion)

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18
Q

Pain descriptor of sympathetic nerve? (4)

A

Burning, pressure-like, stinging, aching

19
Q

Radial nerve innervates?(6)

Nerve roots?(5)

A
  1. Triceps
  2. Brachioradialis
  3. Anconeus
  4. Extensor carpi radialis longus
  5. Extensor carpi radialis brevis

1.C5,C6,C7,C8,T1

20
Q

Axillary nerve innervates?(2)

Nerve roots?(2)

A
  1. Deltiod
  2. Teres Minor

1.C5,C6

21
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve innervates?(3)

Nerve roots(3)

A
  1. Biceps Brachii
  2. Coracobrachialis
  3. Brachialis

1.C5,C6,C7

22
Q

Compression site of pronator symptoms?(3)

A
  1. Primary site- between the two heads of the pronator teres
  2. Second most common site- arch of the FDS where the median
    nerve passes distally between the FDS and the FDP.
  3. ligament of Struthers
  4. Bicipital aponeurosis (a.k.a. lacertus fibrosus
23
Q

What are signs symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?(4)

A
  1. Most common nerve entrapment injury
  2. Paresthesias of thumb, index, and long digit
  3. Forearm pain
  4. Late Exam findings we thumb abduction weakness and thenar atrophy
24
Q

What are signs symptoms of radial nerve at wrist?(5)

A
  1. A.K.A. Handcuff neuropathy
  2. Radial nerve damage with anything tight/compressing around wrist
  3. Numbness to back of hand mostly radial side
  4. Examination decreased sensation soft touch and pin prick over dorsalradial hand, dorsal thumb, and index digit
  5. Motor function intact
25
Q

What are signs symptoms of ulnar nerve at wrist?(4)

A
  1. Common injury in cyclist but also happens with activities involving prolong pressure on volar wrist like jackhammering.
  2. Direct compression in Guyon’s canal
  3. Symptoms paresthesias in the fourth and fifth digit
  4. Digit weakness uncommon because nerve at wrist is less superficial unless prolong or chronic
25
Q

Nerve entrapment site for femoral nerve and signs and symptoms?(4)

Femoral nerve roots?

A
  1. Lliacus fascia and inguinal ligament
  2. Weakness/atrophy hip flexion and knee
    extension
    3.Paraesthesias anteriormedial thigh and medial leg
  3. Gait disturbance
  4. L2,L3, L4
27
Q

Compression site of obturators N. and sign and symptoms?(5)

Obturators nerve roots?

A
  1. Medial tight
  2. Pain and paranesthesia to anteriorlateral thigh
  3. Weakness hip adduction and IR
  4. Gait disturbance
  5. Relief w/ nerve block

Nerve roots-L2, L3, L4

28
Q

Compression site of common peroneal N. and sign and symptoms?(3)

Common peroneal nerve roots?

A
  1. Fibular head
  2. Pain and paranesthesia to lateral leg and foot
  3. Weak DF and/or foot drop

Nerve roots- L4, L5, S1, and S2

29
Q

Compression site of superficial peroneal N. and sign and symptoms?(4)

A
  1. Distal thirds of lateral lower leg.
  2. Pain and paranesthesia to lateral leg and dorsum of foot
  3. Ankle sprain cause stretching of nerve and fractures to proximal fibula
  4. EV weakness (innervates Peroneus longus
    Peroneus brevis)
30
Q

What are causes of elbow stiffness?(4)

Factors?

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Extrinsic-All structures outside joint: skin, muscle, capsule, ligaments, and heteroptrophic ossificans
  3. Intrinsic-Interaarticular structures: Interaarticular adhesions, joint incongrueny, articular surface degeneration
  4. Stiff elbows have thicken anterior and posterior capsules
31
Q

What is dextroscoliosis?

A

Abnormal sideways curvature of the spine that goes to the right.

32
Q

What is levoscoliosis?

A

Abnormal sideways curvature of the spine that goes to the left.

33
Q

What is Panner’s disease?(3)

A
  1. osteochondrosis of the capitellum of elbow
  2. primarily seen in boys between the ages of 5-10 y.o
  3. Caused by excessive throwing due to valgus stress.
34
Q

What is Osteochondrosis?(3)

A
  1. Disease of the growth or ossification centers in children
  2. Begins as a degeneration or necrosis, followed by regeneration or recalcification.
  3. Familiar sites in children include the
    - Proximal femur (Perthes’ disease)
    - Tarsal navicular (Kohler’s disease)
    - Capitellum ( Panner’s disease)
35
Q

Sensory and segment level for femoral?

A

Tight via continuous nerve

L2,L3,L4

36
Q

Sensory and segment level for obturator?

A

Medial tight

L2,L3,L4

37
Q

Sensory and segment level for saphenous?

A

Medial leg and foot

L2,L3,L4

38
Q

Sensory and segment level for tibial N?

A

Posterior heel and planter surface of foot

L4,L5,S1,S2,S3

39
Q

Sensory and segment level for common fibular N?

A

Lateral posterior leg

L4,L5,S1,S2

40
Q

During inspiration what do the upper ribs do and the lower ribs do?

A

Upper ribs rise(flexes in sagittal plane)

Lower ribs widen(abduct in frontal plane)

41
Q

Describe common peroneal nerve course, levels, and what it innervates? (4)

A
  1. Smaller and terminal branch of the sciatic nerve
  2. Courses along the upper lateral side of the popliteal fossa, deep to biceps femoris and its tendon until it gets to the posterior part of the head of the fibula
  3. 2 terminal branches-
    - -Superficial peroneal nerve (L5,S1,2)
    - -Deep peroneal nerve (L4,5,S1,2)
  4. Nerve roots: L4 – S2
    - -Motor: Innervates the short head of the biceps femoris directly.
    - -Supplies (via branches) the muscles in the lateral and anterior compartments of the leg.
42
Q

What is Adams test?(2)

A
  1. Detecting structural or functional scoliosis.

2. This test is most often used during school screening for scoliosis.

43
Q

What is a significant change in the 6 minute walk test?

A

A change in walking distance of more than 50 m is clinically significant in most disease states.

44
Q

What is piano keys sign?

A
  1. Test DRUJ instability

2. Positive test ulna will spring back to original position from volar pressure on ulna styloid

OCS (18 decks)

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