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OCS > Pathologic Conditions > Flashcards

Pathologic Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Signs and symptoms of a dissecting thoracic aneurysm?(2)

A
  1. Chest pain that can radiate to the back

2. Sudden onset of pain, that is unrelenting, not relieve by positional changes

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2
Q

Signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia?

A
  1. Anterior chest pain or heaviness
  2. Occasional nausea
  3. Pain radiating to back
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3
Q

Signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer?

A
  1. Boring pain from the epigastric area to the middle thoracic spine
  2. Thoracic pain triggered or relieved by eating
  3. History of extensive NSAID use should increase suspicion for Peptic ulcer
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4
Q

What are clusters of finding to diagnose cervical spine myelopathy?(4)

A
  1. Gait Deviations
  2. Pos Hoffmanns test
  3. Inverted supinator sign
  4. Pos Babinski test
  5. Age >45 y.o

3 of 5 sensitivity .19 specificity .99
4 of 5 sensitivity .09 specificity 1.0

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms of inflamed gallbladder(cholecystitis)?

A
  1. Right upper quadrant and right infrascapular region
  2. Pain with moderate fever, nausea, and vomiting
  3. Symptoms occur 1 to 2 hours after ingestion of a heavy meal
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6
Q

What are the most common forms of cancer that are secondary spinal metastasis to the thoracic spine?(3)

A
  1. Breast
  2. Lung
  3. Colon cancer
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7
Q

Signs and symptoms of Ankylosing Sponsylitis?(5)

A
  1. Definition of >30 minute duration
  2. Improvement in back pain with exercise but not rest
  3. Awakening because of back pain during the second half of the night
  4. Alternating buttock pain
  5. Limited chest expansion-Normal 5cm, pathological 2.5cm
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8
Q

What is Parsonage-Turner Syndrome? (5)

A
  1. rare syndrome that may occur in otherwise normal healthy individuals
  2. Sudden, rather abrupt, unilateral shoulder pain that may begin rather insidiously but quickly amplifies in severity and intensity.
  3. progressive weakness, reflex changes, and sensory abnormalities
  4. AKA neuralgic amyotrophy or brachial neuritis
  5. May be surgical, infectious, traumatic, or even therapeutic, such as cases involving vaccinations or antibiotic treatments
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9
Q

What is a Hangsman’s Fracture?

A
  1. Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the
    axis, C2 pedicle fracture of C2 and dislocation
  2. Hyperextension-Distraction injury
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10
Q

What nerve has highest incident of injury w/ mid humerus fracture?

A
  1. Radial N
  2. Seen in 8-15% of fractures
  3. Increased incidence in distal 1/3 of fractures (22%)
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11
Q

What is a 5th metacarpal fracture? (5)

A
  1. AKA Boxer fracture
  2. 10% of all hand fractures
  3. MOI: Punching-axial pressure applied to clinched hand; also direct blow to dorsum of hand
  4. ORIF if angulation greater then 30deg
  5. Treated w/ immobilized with an ulnar gutter splint
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12
Q

What is Sinding Larsen Johansson Syndrome (SLJ)? (4)

A
  1. Juvenile osteochondrosis and traction epiphysitis affecting the extensor mechanism of the knee
  2. TTP to inferior pole of the patella
    3.Typically young active boys aged 10 to 13 years.
    4.Symptoms
    -Worse with exercise, stair climbing, squatting,
    kneeling, jumping and running.
    -May report that they limp after exercise.
    -May be unilateral or bilateral.
    -Is relieved by rest
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13
Q

What is Exophthalmos?(4)

A
  1. A condition where the eyeball protrudes from the eye socket, making it appear to bulge. It can affect one or both eyes.
  2. Can signal a problem with the thyroid gland.
  3. Graves’ disease is the most common cause of exophthalmos
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14
Q

What is the odd facet?

A
  1. Extreme medial edge of the patella

2. Which is in contact with the femur in deep angles of knee flexion

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15
Q

What are types of Distal radial fractures? (3)

A
  1. Colles fracture-< 90% of distal radius fractures Colles’ fractures
  2. Smith fracture-reverse Colles’
  3. Barton’s Fracture- intra-articular fracture with subluxation or dislocation of the carpus bone
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16
Q

What is Gaucher disease?

A

Gaucher (go-SHAY) disease is the result of a buildup of certain fatty substances in certain organs, particularly your spleen and liver. This causes these organs to enlarge and can affect their function.

The fatty substances also can build up in bone tissue, weakening the bone and increasing the risk of fractures.

17
Q

What is Ehlers-Danlos?(4)

A
  1. Cause joint hyper mobility-hyper extensive joints
  2. hyperexistence skin
  3. Fragile skin
  4. Bruising may be sever
18
Q

What is Marfan syndrome?(5)

A
  1. Long arms, legs, and fingers
  2. Tall and thin body type
  3. thumb sign-DIP sticks out
  4. Wrist sign-cross over by one digit
  5. Pectus Carinatum or pectus excavatum
19
Q

What is a oeteosarcoma?

A

1.Malignant tumor often in proximal tibia
2.Common in young boys during growth spurts
3.Presentation
-significant night pain
—insidious onset of deep ache
—-gait deviation
——redness in the joint
4.May require amputation

20
Q

What is a Slipped capital femoral epiphysis?(6)

A
  1. Hip Condition in adolescence
  2. Fracture in the growth plate allows the femur to slip off the neck
  3. May refer pain to groin or knee(Due to operator N distribution)
  4. Patient limbs
  5. loss of hip IR, Abd, and flexion
  6. Commonly seen in adolescent obese males
21
Q

What is Tripe hand/palm?

A
  1. Thicken velvety palms
  2. Palms have appearance of tripe
  3. 90% associated w/ internal malignancy in GI tract and lungs
22
Q

What are Bouchard and Henerden nodes?

A
  1. Bony swelling of PIP’s-Bouchard
  2. Bony swelling of DIP’s-Heberden
  3. Sign of OA
23
Q

What is Erb’s palsy? (4)

A
  1. Injury to the brachial plexus at birth,most common 50-60-%
  2. Lesion of C5 and C6 nerve roots, sometimes C7
  3. Erb’s point is site of upper trunk
  4. Affected nerves axillary, musculocutaneous, supeascapular N.
24
Q

What is Klumpke paralysis?

A

1.neuropathy of the lower brachial plexus
2.C8 and T1 are injured
3.MOI hyper abduction traction
4.Main signs:
-Claw hand
—weakness and loss of movement of arm and hand
—-Decrease sensation C8-T1 dermatoma
——Infant with injury hold the arm supinated, with the elbow bent, and the wrist extended

25
Q

What is a green stick fracture?(3)

A
  1. A fracture that occurs when the bones bend and cracks instead of breaking completely separating into two pieces
  2. Occur in younger children less than 10 years old
  3. Most common occur with a fall, and arm fractures more common than leg fractures.
26
Q

What is nursemaids elbow?(2)

A
  1. Common injury early childhood

2. Results in subluxation of the annular ligament due to a sudden longitudinal action applied to the hand

27
Q

AVN risk factors?(5)

A
  1. Joint injury like dislocating joint, fracture, cancer treatment with radiation we can weaken bone and blood vessels
  2. Heavy drinking
  3. Steroid abuse
  4. Obesity
  5. Medical conditions like sickle cell anemia or Lupus
28
Q

What is Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?

A

1.AVN of the proximal femoral epiphysis in children
2.4-8 years is most common age
3.male to female ratio is 5:1
4.Symptoms
insidious onset
intermittent hip, knee, groin or thigh pain
5.Physical exam
hip stiffness
loss of IR and ABD
gait disturbance(Trendelenburg gait), antalgic limp, may cause painless limp

29
Q

What is Reiter disease?(3)

A
  1. Joint pain and swelling triggered by an infection in another part of the body.
  2. Symptoms include joint pain and stiffness, most commonly in the knees, ankles, and feet.
  3. there may be discomfort during urination as well as eye inflammation.
30
Q

What is Apophysitis?(2)

A
  1. Traction injury to the cartilage and bony attachment of tendons in children and adolescents
  2. Most often an overuse injury in children
31
Q

Common sites for apophysitis? (6)

A
  1. Hip apophysitis-ischial tuberosity, anterosuperior and anteroinferior iliac spines, iliac crest
  2. Iselin disease-over base of 5th metatarsal head
  3. Larsen-Johansson disease-Inferior patella
  4. Medial epicondyle apophysitis-Thrower elbow
  5. Osgood-Schlatter disease-anterior tibial tubercle
  6. Sever disease-Posterior heel
32
Q

What is Osteochondrosis?

A

1.Degenerative changes in the epiphyseal ossification centers of growing bones

33
Q

Common sites for Osteochondrosis?(4)

A
  1. 2nd metatarsal head (i.e., Freiberg disease)
  2. Navicular bone (i.e., Köhler bone disease)
  3. Femoral head (i.e., Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease)
  4. Capitellum (i.e., Panner disease).
34
Q

What is Scheuermann disease?(4)

A
  1. juvenile kyphosis or juvenile discogenic disease
  2. condition involving an abnormal, excessive curvature of the spine
  3. involves both the vertebral bodies and discs of the spine
  4. characterized by anterior wedging of greater than or equal to 5 degrees in 3 or more adjacent vertebral bodies
35
Q

What is Klippel Feil syndrome?(4)

A
  1. affecting the development of the bones in the spine.
  2. PT are fused at least two spinal bones (vertebrae) in the neck.
  3. Common features may include a short neck, low hairline at the back of the head, and restricted movement of the upper spine.
36
Q

What is Kehr’s sign?

A
  1. Acute LEFT shoulder pain at tip

2. Ruptured SPLEEN

37
Q

What is Lhermitte’s Sign?(3)

A
  1. electric shock-like sensation that occurs on flexion of the neck
  2. sensation radiates down the spine, often into the legs, arms, and sometimes to the trunk
  3. Caused by multiple sclerosis, cervical spondylotic myelopathy

OCS (18 decks)

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