Stats

Question 1

Data definition

Answer 1

Recorded observations

Question 2

Types of data

Answer 2

qualitative and quantitative

Question 3

Qualitative data

Answer 3

descriptions, value cannot be 0, pictures, words

Question 4

Quantitative data

Answer 4

recorded measurements, can have a value of 0, NUMBERS

Question 5

Hypothesis definition

Answer 5

a proposition, is testable and should be falsifiable, makes predictions, never really proven, made based on observations

Question 6

Theory definition

Answer 6

broad explanation, backed by lots of evidence, a theory gives us the ability to make predictions, can almost treat them like a fact

Question 7

Hypothesis testing steps

Answer 7

observations, hypothesis formation, experimentation, data analysis, conclusion

Question 8

Discovery based science

Answer 8

collection and analysis of data without the need for a preconceived hypothesis, goal is to gather more info. Ex: test drugs to look for action against a disease

Question 9

Control group

Answer 9

not subjected to one specific variable, participants who do not receive the experimental treatment

Question 10

Experimental group

Answer 10

what you are changing (purpose of the experiment), subjected to some type of variation that does not occur in control group

Question 11

Independent variable

Answer 11

What you are changing in your experiment, should influence the dependent variable

Question 12

Dependent variable

Answer 12

The variable of interest, affected income

Question 13

Scientific method steps

Answer 13

observations, hypothesis formation, experimentation, data analysis, conclusion

Question 14

Population

Answer 14

entire set of items that you are interested in

Question 15

Sample

Answer 15

Portion of population

Question 16

Null hypothesis

Answer 16

proposes that NO statistical significance exists among a given set of observations ex: fertilizer does no affect plant growth
-null = no difference

Question 17

Alternative hypothesis

Answer 17

proposes there is a statistical significance among a given set of observations ex: fertilizers really does cause a change in plant growth

Question 18

Standard deviation

Answer 18

the dispersion of values from the average or mean, how spread out the data is, larger standard deviation means data is more spread out, lower is data is more clustered around mean

Question 19

Student T-Test

Answer 19

Tells you how significant the differences between group means are (does data from sample go to the whole population)

Question 20

What do you need to do a Student T-Test

Answer 20

-To do a T-test you need the mean, standard deviation and N (sample number for each group)

Question 21

P-value

Answer 21

how valid are my results, p value should be LESS than 0.05 to be valid, it means that you are 95% positive that the two groups are statistically different, means if you repeated the experiment, you would be likely to get the same results

Question 22

Statistically significant

Answer 22

if experiment was repeated, would you get the same result