chemical reactions Flashcards
What are the 2 forms of energy?
Kinetic energy and potential energy
Kinetic energy meaning
energy of movement
Potential energy meaning
energy due to location or structure
Chemical potential energy
energy stored in atoms and between bonds
thermodynamics
energy being converted to different forms
What are the 2 laws of thermodynamics?
1) energy cannot be created or destroyed; energy can only change from one form to another
2) Any energy transfer or
transformation from one form to
another increases the degree of
disorder of system entropy
(goes from highly ordered to more disordered)
Entropy
measurement of randomness of molecules in a system (unusable energy)
H=
Enthalpy, total energy
G=
free energy (amount of energy that is available)
S=
unusable energy
T=
Temp in Kelvin
Enthalpy (H)
Total energy of a system
Free energy (G)
Amount of energy that is available and can be used to promote change
or do work
Exergonic reaction
- Spontaneous (does NOT mean fast)
Negative free energy (∆G <0) - Energy is released during product formation
- Favors conversion of reactants to products
Endergonic reaction
Positive free energy (∆G > 0)
* Energy is required for product formation
* Not spontaneous
* Favors formation of reactants
