Chem in bio Flashcards
What are compounds?
2 or more different elements
What are molecules made up of?
They are made up of 2 or more bonded atoms
What are the 3 subatomic particles of an atom?
Proton, neutron, electron
-Proton charge
-What protons determine about an element
-location
have positive charge and are in the nucleus (p+) it determines element
-Neutron charge
-What they determine about an element
-location
are neutral (no charge) and are in the nucleus (n0) it determines isotope
-Electron charge
-What they determine about an element
-location
have negative charge and are in the orbitals (Surrounding the nucleus) (e-) it determines chemical behavior
What determines the atomic number?
Number of protons
What determines the atomic mass?
Protons plus neutrons
What are the 2 orbital shapes
S orbital (spherical) and p orbital (propeller/dumbbell)
How many orbitals are in the first shell?
1st shell in electron shells have 1 s orbital, can hold 2 electrons
How many orbitals are in the 2nd shell?
2nd shell has 1 S orbital and 3 propeller orbitals, can hold 8 electrons total
How do electrons fill orbitals?
Electrons fills orbitals based on energy levels, they fill the closest shell to the nucleus first, and then s orbital before p orbital
What are valence electrons?
electrons that are in the outer shell that are available to interact with other atoms
How do Isotopes differ in different isotopes of elements?
The number of neutrons is different
What do chemical bonds do?
Hold atoms together
What are Covalent bonds?
interatomic linkage that results from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms
-Electrons shared to fill valence shells
What are Polar Covalent bonds?
atoms with different electronegativities, pos and neg. Shared unequally Ex:water
What are the types of covalent bonds?
Polar and nonpolar covalent bonds
What are Non-Polar Covalent bonds?
atoms with similar electronegativities. Electrons shared equally
-covalent bonds are the strongest bc the atoms think that the electron shared is theirs, so they work hard to keep it
- H—F (shows that the electrons are being shared)
Electronegativity definition
ability of nucleus to attract electrons
Ionic bond definition
an attraction of positive and negative
-where electrons are transferred
–positive ion being attracted to negative ion
What is cation vs anion ions
-Cation: pos charge, lost electrons
-Anion: neg charge, gained electrons
-Ionic bond: cation binds to an anion like i said pos being attracted to neg
