statistics p2

Question 1

norm referencing

Answer 1

individual test score compared to average score of a group of individuals (norm group) (ex: GRE, SAT, ACT, career inventories)

Question 2

criterion referencing

Answer 2

compares test scores to a predetermined standard/value/set criterion (ex: BDI, drivers license, MAST, college exams against a standard)

Question 3

derived scores

Answer 3

conversions of raw scores that allow us to make further comparisons of individual score to norm score

Question 4

percentiles

Answer 4

percentage of people falling at or below a score

-range= 1-99, mean=50

Question 5

standard score

Answer 5

raw score–> new score with a new meaning and standard deviation

Question 6

Z score

Answer 6

standard score with a mean of 0 and SD of 1

z= x-m/sd

Question 7

conversion formula

Answer 7

score= z(SD)+ MEAN

Question 8

T score

Answer 8

standard score with a mean of 50 and SD of 10

-generally used with personality tests

Question 9

DIQ= deviation IQ scores

Answer 9

generally used with intelligence testing
mean= 100
sd=15

Question 10

stanines

Answer 10

only whole numbers 
mean= 5 
sd=2  
range 1-9 
used for achievement testing

Question 11

stens

Answer 11

only whole numbers
mean=5.5 
sd=2 
range 1-10 
used for personality inventories and questionnaires

Question 12

NCE

Answer 12

aka normal curve equivalent: used in education community
mean= 50
sd=21.06
range 1-99 in equal units along the curve

Question 13

SAT

Answer 13

mean= 500 
SD= 100

Question 14

ACT

Answer 14

mean= 21

sd=5

Question 15

age comparisons

Answer 15

comparison of an individual score to average score of others who are the same age

purpose: see how your performance compares to performance of others at your age or other ages

Question 16

grade equivalents

Answer 16

compare individual score to average score of children AT SAME GRADE LEVel

**DO NOT COMPARE SCORES AT OTHER AGES: while a student may have a higher GE, doesn’t mean student has actually mastered content at that grade level

Question 17

standard error of measurement

Answer 17

range/band where individual true score lies–where would they score in test was taken over and over

true score obtained if test were perfectly reliable

CONFIDENCE BAND AROUND OBTAINED SCORE
-relationship with reliability–as reliability decreases, SEM increases

Question 18

standard error of estimate

Answer 18

confidence interval around PREDICTED score

-based off scores from one interval–allows us to predict where new score will fall (a range) on another variable

Question 19

nominal scale

Answer 19

numbers arbitrarily assigned to categories

Question 20

ordinal

Answer 20

numbers assigned to categories with magnitude/rank order, no true “distance”

Question 21

interval

Answer 21

true distance between measurements but no real zero

Question 22

ratio

Answer 22

true zero and equal distance between measures