Chapter 1: History of Testing and Assessment

Question 1

Test

Answer 1

subset of assessment yielding SCORES based on collective data

Question 2

Chinese history

Answer 2

2200 BCE: essay exams for civil service employees

Question 3

Plato history

Answer 3

428-327 BCE: intellectual and physical ability of men when screening for private services

Question 4

Esquirol

Answer 4

1830s: language ability to identify intelligence; retardation on continuum (idiocy), forerunner of verbal intelligence

Question 5

Sequin

Answer 5

1800s: worked with individuals w intellectual deficits to increase motor control and sensory discrimination; developed form board; forerunner of performance intelligence testing

Question 6

Darwin

Answer 6

understanding uniqueness of humans; theory of evolutions and scientific method

Question 7

Galton (darwin’s cousin)

Answer 7

relationship of sensory motor activities to intelligence; **correlation coefficient

Question 8

Wundt

Answer 8

founded first psych lab, looked at sensitivity to visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli and reaction time

Question 9

Cattell

Answer 9

phrased “mental test”; used statistical concepts to understand differences

Question 10

GS Hall

Answer 10

experimental lab at John Hopkins; first president of APA

Question 11

Ability tests

Answer 11

measurement of what one CAN do

-intelligence testing, neuropsychological assessment, group tests of ability

Question 12

Binet

Answer 12

developed first modern day intelligence test

-hired by French ministry of public education to integrate “sub-normal” children into schools

Question 13

Terman

Answer 13

revised Binet scale to make Stanford-Binet

-IQ

Question 14

history of neuropsychological assessment

Answer 14

• egyptian medical documents 5,000 years ago
• WWI: interest in brain injuries
• 20th: tech development
  today: suspected changes in brain function as result of injury, disease yields neuropsychological assessment

Question 15

Army Alpha/Beta

Answer 15

assessment of abilities for WWI recruits  
-used/abused by Eugenics movement--> superior human race and claim White people inherently more intelligent, get upper class to breed and try and prevent lower classes from having kids

Question 16

James Bryant Conant

Answer 16

developed SATs to equalize educational opps for all

Question 17

Edward Thorndike

Answer 17

-1923

Stanford Achievement Test

Question 18

Personality testing

Answer 18

interest inventories, objective personality assessment, projective testing

Question 19

History: Interest inventories

Answer 19

Thorndike and Miner= early assessors of interests

Strong: Strong Vocational Interest Blank

Question 20

Objective personality assessment

Answer 20

Kraeplin: word association test to study schizophrenia
Woodworth’s personal data sheet: crude test for neuroses and pathology
^forerunner MMPI

Question 21

projective testing

Answer 21

Cattle: examined associations made by healthy people to standard list of words
Jung: 156 words to which individuals would respond, “complexes”
Rorscach
Murray’s TAT

Question 22

types of achievement testing

Answer 22

What one HAS LEARNED

-survey battery, diagnostic, readiness

Question 23

types of aptitude testing

Answer 23

what one is CAPABLE of learning
-cognitive, intellectual and cognitive functioning (intelligence testing, neuropsychological assessment), special aptitude, multiple aptitude

Question 24

types of personality testing

Answer 24

objective, projective (unstructured), interests

Question 25

types of informal

Answer 25

observation, rating scales, classification methods, environmental assessment, records and personal docs, performance based assessment

Question 26

Controversies

Answer 26

• invasion of privacy
• too much reliance of test scores for decision making without consideration of history or context
• bias
• must have demonstration of competencies on objective tests– we cannot be too reliant on grades or diplomas
• multiple choice tests need to be replaced by authentic performance based assessment
• too much pressure on students, teachers, and parents b/c high stakes testing