Dyslexia

Question 1

What is dyslexia NOT

Answer 1

reading and writing letters backwards is main sign
dyslexia doesn’t show up till elementary school
kids with dyslexia just have to try harder to read
dyslexia goes away once kids know how to read
dyslexia is a vision problem
kids who don’t speak english can’t have dyslexia
dyslexia is caused by not enough reading at home

Question 2

What is dyslexia

Answer 2

neurobiological

• difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition, poor spelling, and decoding abilities
• deficit in PHONOLOGICAL COMPONENT of language
• unexpected
• secondary consequences: problems in reading comp and reduced reading experience–> impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge

Question 3

neurobiological

Answer 3

anatomy of brain and pathways

Question 4

decoding

Answer 4

ability to apply letter/sound knowledge to new/unknown words

Question 5

phonological component of language

Answer 5

basic speech structure within language, ability to break down language into ind sounds, or blend sounds together to form words

Question 6

procedures for identifying dyselxia

Answer 6

1. data gathering
2. determining evaluation pathway
3. formal assessment (formal and informal data)

Question 7

data gathering

Answer 7

phonological awareness, phonic coding, vocab, spelling, reading comp and fluency

also cumulative, environmental/SES, language proficiency

Question 8

examples of dyslexia tests

Answer 8

WRMT-II: Woodcock Reading Mastery Test
TWS-5: Test of Writing and Spelling
GORT 5: Gray Oral Reading Tests
CTOPP-2: Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing
TOWRE 2: Test of Word Reading Efficiency

Question 9

dysgraphia

Answer 9

neurobiological, written language disorder

• illegible and/or inefficient handwriting b/c of difficulty with letter formation
• deficits in graphomotor function and/or storing and retrieving orthographic codes
• problems: spelling and writing
• not associated with lack of instruction, motor impairments, or developmental/neurological conditions

Question 10

written language disorder

Answer 10

difficulty understanding the written language

Question 11

graphomotor function

Answer 11

hand movements used for writing

Question 12

storing and retrieving orthographic codes

Answer 12

letter forms

Question 13

orthography

Answer 13

knowledge of visual representations to specific words

Question 14

orthographic processing

Answer 14

tasks that couldn’t be accomplished using only spelling sound correspondence

Question 15

orthographic skills

Answer 15

ability to establish detailed visual/mental representations of letter strings and words that have rapid, fluent access to representations

Question 16

characteristics

Answer 16

variably shaped and formed letters

• excessive erasures and cross outs
• poor spacing between letters and words
• letter and number reversals beyond early stages of writing
• awkward, inconsistent pencil grip
• heavy pressure and hand fatigue
• slow writing and copying with legible and/or illegible handwriting

Question 17

data gathering: dysgraphia

Answer 17

• slow or labored written work
• poor formation of letters
• improper letter slant
• poor pencil grip
• inadequate pressure during handwriting
• excessive erasures
• poor spacing
• etc.

Question 18

assessments for dysgraphia

Answer 18

WRMT-II: Woodcock Reading Mastery Test
TWS-5: Test of Writing and Spelling
GORT 5: Gray Oral Reading Tests
CTOPP-2: Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing
TOWRE 2: Test of Word Reading Efficiency
BEERY VMI
TOC