Statistics Flashcards

1
Q

Phase I trial

A

Dose escalation for optimal drug dose and route, & assess safety in humans, .

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2
Q

Phase II trial

A

Efficacy evaluation, further assess safety. Compare to standard treatment for safety and efficacy.

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3
Q

Phase III trial

A

Survival benefits compared with current standard of care for a specific disease. Off label use if prescribed and shown in peer reviewed trials, but not approved.

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4
Q

Phase IV trial

A

Long term outcomes assessed in various populations and side effects.

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5
Q

Sensitivity (Sn)

A

TP / TP+FN

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6
Q

Specificity (Sp)

A

TN / TN+FP

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7
Q

Positive Predictive Value (PPV)

A

TP / TP+FP

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8
Q

Negative Predictive Value (NPV)

A

TN / TN+FN

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9
Q

Positive Likelihood Ratio (+LR)

A

Sn / 1-Sp

“probability of positive result and having disease compared to no disease”

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10
Q

Negative Likelihood Ratio (-LR)

A

1-Sn / Sp

“probability of negative result and having disease compared to no disease”

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11
Q

Number needed to treat (NNT)

A

1 / (absolute risk or rate reduction)

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12
Q

Acceptable drop out rate in trials

A

More than 20% drop out considered poor quality study.

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13
Q

Pretest odds

A

Pretest probability / (1 - pretest probability)

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14
Q

Posttest probability

A

Posttest odds / (posttest odds + 1)

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