Statistical language in science Flashcards
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Define
Mean
The average value of a set of numbers, calculated by adding all the numbers and dividing by the number of values.
Define
Median
The middle value in a set of numbers when they are arranged in ascending or descending order. If there is an even number of values, the median is the average of the two middle values.
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Mode
The value that appears most frequently in a set of data. A dataset can have more than one mode if multiple values appear with the same highest frequency.
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Standard Deviation
A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values. It indicates how much the values differ from the mean.
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Variance
The average of the squared differences from the mean. It is a measure of how spread out the values are.
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Confidence Interval
A range of values, derived from a dataset, that is likely to contain the true value of an unknown population parameter with a certain level of confidence.
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P-value
A measure of the strength of the evidence against a null hypothesis. A low p-value indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis
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Null Hypothesis
A hypothesis that there is no significant difference or effect in a study, used as a basis for statistical testing.
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Alternative Hypothesis
The hypothesis that there is a significant difference or effect, as opposed to the null hypothesis.
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Correlation
A measure of the relationship between two variables, indicating how one variable changes as the other changes. The correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1.
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Regression Analysis
A statistical method used to examine the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.
Define
Sample size
The number of observations or data points in a sample. Larger sample sizes generally lead to more reliable results.
