Biology-Natural selection/evolution Flashcards
To learn about natural selection/evolution
Define
Species
A group of organism that can breed with each other
Define
Habitat
Where an animal/plant species live
Define
Community
A lot of the same animals/ plants in the same place
Define
Biodiversity
A lot of different communities in one place.The more diverse the communities, the higher the biodiversity
Will a small jungle be more diverse than a large potato field?
Yes
The jungle may be small but it has more communities in it
Define
Competition
How animals try to fight against other animals to survive, only allowing the fittest to thrive
Explain
“Survial of the fittest”
Essentially, it means that the forms or traits that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to leave more offspring in successive generations
What are the four animal competitions?
- Food
- Territory
- Water
- Mates
What are the four plant competitions?
- Light
- Space
- Water/minerals
- Pollinaters
What is the difference between
Interspecific and Intraspecific competition
- Interspecific: Between different species
- Intraspecific: Between same species
Define
Food chain/cycle/web
A diagram that shows the flow of nutrients through an ecoystem’s inhabitants eating of eachother.
Define
Trophic level
The energy level at which an animal is in a food chain/cycle/web.The higher the level, the less energy the animal recieves,and the more food it’s needs to survive.
Basically survial of the fittest
Define
Producer
An organism which produces it’s own food using light.
Eg:Plants,algae,amobea
Define
Comuser
Organism who comsumes other organisms
Define
Primary comuser
An organism who comsumes only producers
Eg:Cows,Parrots,Vegans
Define
Secondary Comuser
One who comsumes other comsuers/producers
Eg:Buffalo,Blackbird,Us
Define
Top predator
The animal of the highest trophic level in a food chain/cycle/web, who is not/rarley eaten by other comsuer
Eg:Eagle,lion,Around 50% of the human population
Define
Decomposer
Organism who decomposethe remains of an eaten animal/plant in which the comsuer has not comsumed
Define
Predator
An animals which hunts and kills other animal for it’s food
Define
Prey
An animal who is hunted, or killed by other predators.
Define
Scavenger
An animal who eats the remains of a dead animal
Define
Herbivore
An organism who eats only producers
Define
Carnivore
An organism who eats only comusers
Define
Ommivore
An organism who eats both producers and comsumers
How many steps are in the predator/prey cycle?
4
What is the difference between
Biotic and Abiotic
- Biotic: Living factors(Eg: Another predator eats too many prey)
- Abiotic: Non-living factors(Eg: A flood kills of many of the animals in the community , weakening them)
Define
Variants
Individuals that are similar but not the same, they be caused by genetics(during fertilisation), environment, or both.
Define
Variantation
Different charastics between organisms
What is the difference between
Countionous and Non-countionous
- Continuous:Numeric Variantations (Eg: Height)
- Non-continuous:Categoric Variantation(Eg: Eye colour)
(yes different heightened animals are variants, we just don’t call it out)
What is the difference between
Inherited and Enviromental variantations?
- Inherited:Charateristics given to an organism by their parent organism(s)
- Enviromental:Characteristics given to an organsim, based on it’s enviroment, and where it lives.
What does this stand for:
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is the name of DNA’s sturcture?
Double helix
What are the rungs of DNA called?
Nucleotides
Nulecitotoes bonds(Quanies):
- A to T
- C to G
Define
Genes
A sequence of nucelotides in a certian order that, whne read by ribsomes, act as insturctions for making proteins in the cell
Define
Chromsones
- Thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells.
- They are made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
- Each chromosome carries genetic information, or genes, that determine an individual’s traits and characteristics
How many chromsones does the average human have.
46
- Mitosis makes?
- Meiosis makes?
- Body cells
- Sex cells
Which two group of men were responsible for the discovery of DNA
- Frankin and Watkins
- Watson and Cricle
Define
Mutations
When the DNA makes a mistake in translation, causing an abnormal feature.
Define
Adaptation
A feature of an organism that helps said organism to survive in it’s habitat
Define
What are the three adaptation types:
- Sturctual:Adaptations to do with a physical part of the organism body
- Behavioural:Adaptations to do with the organism behaviour
- Physicological:Adaptation to do with the organism chosing to perform a process/mutation in order to survive
Define
Exinction
When the last memeber of a species dies with offspring, causing the disaperance of the species worldwide.
List
The Exinction scale
- Exinct
- Exinct in Wild
- Critically Endangered
- Endangered
- Vunerabe
- Near-Theartened
- Least Concern
- Data Deficent
- Not Evaluated
List
Some ways to protect endangered animals(5)
- Animal charaties
- National trusts
- National parks
- Zoos
- Protection orders on species
Define
Fossils
The mineralized ,partial or complete form of an organism, or of an organism’s activity, that has been preserved as a cast, impression, or mold.
Define
Fossil record
History of all life on earth as documented by fossils
