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Seañcá > Chemistry-The early atmosphere > Flashcards

Chemistry-The early atmosphere Flashcards

To learn about how earth's atomsphere has changed from prehistoric to modern day

1
Q

Define

Greenhouse gas

A

A gas that absorbs long wavelengh infrared radiation given off by the Earth,and emits it in all dierections.

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2
Q

Define

Global warming

A

An increase in the average surface temperature of the Earth atomspere

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3
Q

Define

Water stress

A

A shortage of fresh water

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4
Q

Define

Carbon footprint

A

The amount of Carbon compounds given out over the full life cycle of a product, service or event

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5
Q

Define

Carbon neutral

A

Fuels and processes whose use result in zero net realese/absorpotion of Carbon compunds into/from the atomspere.

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6
Q

Define

Acid rain

A

Precipitation with a pH lower than 5.5 caused by man-made pollutants, such as Sulfur dioxide and Nitrous oxides

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7
Q

Define

Global Dimming

A

Particulates in the atomsphere causing less of the suns energy to reach the Earth’s surface

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8
Q

Define

Particulates

A

Tiny solid particles in the atomsphere, most commonly soot, that make up less than 0.01%

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9
Q

List

Composition of atomsphere

A

Nitrogen:78%
Oxygen:21%
Argon:0.9%
Carbon dioxide:0.04%(was 0.03%)
Water vapor:Varible, usually peaks at 0.05%
Other gas+Particulates:0.01%

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10
Q

List

Composition of early atomsphere

A

Carbon dioxide:96%
Nitrogen:3%
Ammonia/Methane:0.9%
Other gases+Particulates:0.1%

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11
Q

How did the early atomsphere formed

A

Volcanoes produced carbon dioxide,nitrogen and a bit of methane+ammonia

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12
Q

List

How the modern atomsphere formed

A
  1. Water vapor condensed into oceans
  2. Carbon dioxide dissolved in the ocean
  3. They formed carbonates, which precipitated to form sediments
  4. These sediments sank to the ocean seabed
  5. Photosynetic organism eventually evoled, speeding up the Carbon dioxide reduction and producing oxygen
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13
Q

Explain

GHE(Greenhouse effect)

A

1.

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14
Q

What gases are produced by volcanoes?

A

Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, a bit of methane, and ammonia

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15
Q

What process took in CO2 and released O2?

A

Photosynthesis

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16
Q

What did carbon dioxide dissolve in to form sediments?

A

Oceans

17
Q

What human activities increase the levels of CO2 and CH4?

A

Burning fossil fuels and deforestation

18
Q

What are the effects of climate change?

A

Rising sea levels, droughts, extreme weather events, changes in wildlife distribution

19
Q

What is a solution to reduce climate change?

A

Reduce carbon footprint, use less fossil fuels, carbon capture and storage, eat less meat, send less food waste to landfill

20
Q

Define carbon footprint

A

Total amount of CO2 and other greenhouse gases emitted over the full life cycle of a product, service or event

21
Q

What gases are released when fossil fuels burn?

A

Carbon dioxide, water vapour, carbon monoxide, solid particulates, sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxides

22
Q

What are the effects caused by carbon monoxide?

A

Poisonous gas

23
Q

What causes acid rain?

A

Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from burning fossil fuels

24
Q

What is the current composition of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen 78%, Oxygen 21%, Argon 0.9%, Carbon Dioxide 0.03%

25
Q

What is suggested happened to most of the water vapour in the early atmosphere?

A

Condensed to form oceans

26
Q

How did oxygen in the early atmosphere increase?

A

Through photosynthesis by green plants and algae

27
Q

How did carbon dioxide in the early atmosphere decrease?

A

Dissolved in oceans and precipitated as carbonates

28
Q

Name three greenhouse gases

A

Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour

29
Q

Describe the greenhouse effect

A

A process where gases absorb long wavelength infrared radiation emitted by the Earth

30
Q

State two human activities that increase greenhouse gases

A

Burning fossil fuels, deforestation

31
Q

What is global warming?

A

An increase in the temperature of the Earth’s surface

32
Q

What is carbon neutral?

A

Fuels and processes whose use results in zero net release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere

33
Q

Define acid rain

A

Rainfall with a pH lower than 5.5 caused by man-made pollutants

34
Q

What is global dimming?

A

Particulates in the atmosphere causing less of the sun’s energy to reach the Earth’s surface

35
Q

What are particulates?

A

Tiny solid particles in the atmosphere, most commonly soot

36
Q

True or False: Water stress refers to a shortage of fresh water.

A

True

37
Q

Fill in the blank: Carbon dioxide is released when _______.

A

burning fossil fuels

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