Biology-The circuitatory system Flashcards
To learn about the circuitory system , it's main components and how it works
Define
Vessels
Tubes carrying fluids through the body
Define
Artery
High-pressure , oxygen-rich blood vessels, that flow from the lungs, through the heart to every cell in the body, to fuel respiration
Define
Respiration
The metabolic process in which glucose is combusted to produce energy
Define
Vein
Low pressure,CO2-rich blood vessels,that flow from the cells, thrigh the heart to the lungs for gas exchange of CO2 to O2
Define
Gas exchange
When the lungs transfer O2 from the air into the circuitatory system,and extert out CO2 from the veins
Define
Heart
The pump of the circuitatory system
Biggest
Vessel/artery
Aorta
Smallest
Vessels
Calipari vessels
Calipari = plural of caliparlies
Smallest
Artery
Arterioles
Biggest
Vein
Inferior vena cava
Smallest
Vein
Venules
Biggest
Heart
Blue whale
Smallest
Heart
Fairyfly
Order of layers(outer-inner)
Artery
Outer layers/Smooth muscle/Elastic muscle/Inner layers
Order of layers(outer-inner)
Vein
Outer layers/Smooth muscle/Inner layers/Valves
Purpose of
Outer layer of blood vessels
Vessel integrity and resistance to stairn/strectching of vessel
Purpose of
Smooth muscles of blood vessels
Vessels flexibility
Purpose of
Inner layer of blood vessels
Controlling the passage of substances;What shouldn’t be in each vessel, is taken out using microscopic hairs, to the lymphatic system
Purpose of
Elastic layer of artery
Lets them handle the force of blood coming from the heart.
Purpose of
Valves in veins
Makes sure the low pressure blood goes in one dierection,.
Purpose of
Aorta
Carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.
Purpose of
Superior vena cava
To collect deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body, from the head and neck, upper limbs, and chest wall to the heart
Purpose of
Pulmonary valve
To ensure one-dierection blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery
Purpose of
Right atrium
Receive deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava’s
Purpose of
Tricuspid valve
Stops blood from flowing back into the right atrium
Purpose of
Right ventricle
Pumps deoxgenated blood to the lungs
Purpose of
Inferior vena cava
Carry deoxygenated blood from the torso and lower body to the heart
Purpose of
Pulmonary artery
Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange
Define
Pulmonary vein
Deilvers oxygenated blood to the heart to be pumped around the body
Define
Left atruim
Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein
Define
Mitral valve
To ensure one-dierection blood flow from the left airtuim into the left ventricle
Define
Aortic valve
To ensure one-dierection blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta
Define
Left ventricle
Pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta to every single cell in the body
Define
Septum
Seven-layered wall of muscle seperating each ventricle
Composition of
Blood(per microliter)
- Plasma=55%
- Red blood cells=42.5%
- Oxygen(arteries)=2.4%
- White blood cells+Platelets=Less than 1%
Amount
Blood in human body
5L
List
Heart cycle
- Blood enters the right atrium: Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava, filling the right atrium12.(Diatolic)
- Blood moves to the right ventricle: The right atrium contracts, pushing blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle12.(Systoilic)
- Blood is pumped to the lungs: The right ventricle contracts, sending blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide12(Systoilic)
- Oxygenated blood returns to the heart: Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins, filling the left atrium12.(Diatolic)
Blood is pumped to the body: The left atrium contracts, pushing blood through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. The left ventricle then contracts, sending blood through the aortic valve into the aorta, which distributes it throughout the body12.(Systoilic)
List
10 most common circuitatory dieseases
- Atherosclerosis: This is the hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to the buildup of fatty deposits called plaques. It can lead to high blood pressure, heart attacks, and strokes1.
- Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction): Occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart is blocked, often by a blood clot, causing damage to the heart muscle1.
- Mitral Valve Prolapse: This condition involves the mitral valve bulging out or prolapsing, which can prevent it from closing properly1.
- Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Happens when the mitral valve does not close completely, causing blood to flow backward into the heart1.
- Mitral Stenosis: This is the narrowing of the mitral valve, which can restrict blood flow through the heart1.
- Angina Pectoris: Characterized by chest pain due to insufficient blood flow to the heart. It can feel like a crushing sensation in the chest1.
- Arrhythmia and Dysrhythmia: These terms refer to irregular heartbeats. Arrhythmia means “no rhythm,” while dysrhythmia means “abnormal rhythm”1.
- Cardiac Ischemia: This condition occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t get enough oxygen-rich blood, often causing chest pain similar to a heart attack1.
- Aneurysms: These are weak spots in the walls of arteries that can expand and potentially rupture. They can occur in various arteries, including the aorta and brain2.
- Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD): Affects the arteries that supply blood to the limbs, often causing pain and mobility issues3.
