Biology-The circuitatory system

Question 1

Define

Vessels

Answer 1

Tubes carrying fluids through the body

Question 2

Define

Artery

Answer 2

High-pressure , oxygen-rich blood vessels, that flow from the lungs, through the heart to every cell in the body, to fuel respiration

Question 3

Define

Respiration

Answer 3

The metabolic process in which glucose is combusted to produce energy

Question 4

Define

Vein

Answer 4

Low pressure,CO2-rich blood vessels,that flow from the cells, thrigh the heart to the lungs for gas exchange of CO2 to O2

Question 5

Define

Gas exchange

Answer 5

When the lungs transfer O2 from the air into the circuitatory system,and extert out CO2 from the veins

Question 6

Define

Heart

Answer 6

The pump of the circuitatory system

Question 7

Biggest

Vessel/artery

Answer 7

Aorta

Question 8

Smallest

Vessels

Answer 8

Calipari vessels

Calipari = plural of caliparlies

Question 9

Smallest

Artery

Answer 9

Arterioles

Question 10

Biggest

Vein

Answer 10

Inferior vena cava

Question 11

Smallest

Vein

Answer 11

Venules

Question 12

Biggest

Heart

Answer 12

Blue whale

Question 13

Smallest

Heart

Answer 13

Fairyfly

Question 14

Order of layers(outer-inner)

Artery

Answer 14

Outer layers/Smooth muscle/Elastic muscle/Inner layers

Question 15

Order of layers(outer-inner)

Vein

Answer 15

Outer layers/Smooth muscle/Inner layers/Valves

Question 16

Purpose of

Outer layer of blood vessels

Answer 16

Vessel integrity and resistance to stairn/strectching of vessel

Question 17

Purpose of

Smooth muscles of blood vessels

Answer 17

Vessels flexibility

Question 18

Purpose of

Inner layer of blood vessels

Answer 18

Controlling the passage of substances;What shouldn’t be in each vessel, is taken out using microscopic hairs, to the lymphatic system

Question 19

Purpose of

Elastic layer of artery

Answer 19

Lets them handle the force of blood coming from the heart.

Question 20

Purpose of

Valves in veins

Answer 20

Makes sure the low pressure blood goes in one dierection,.

Question 21

Purpose of

Aorta

Answer 21

Carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.

Question 22

Purpose of

Superior vena cava

Answer 22

To collect deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body, from the head and neck, upper limbs, and chest wall to the heart

Question 23

Purpose of

Pulmonary valve

Answer 23

To ensure one-dierection blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery

Question 24

Purpose of

Right atrium

Answer 24

Receive deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava’s

Question 25

Purpose of

Tricuspid valve

Answer 25

Stops blood from flowing back into the right atrium

Question 26

Purpose of

Right ventricle

Answer 26

Pumps deoxgenated blood to the lungs

Question 27

Purpose of

Inferior vena cava

Answer 27

Carry deoxygenated blood from the torso and lower body to the heart

Question 28

Purpose of

Pulmonary artery

Answer 28

Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange

Question 29

Define

Pulmonary vein

Answer 29

Deilvers oxygenated blood to the heart to be pumped around the body

Question 30

Define

Left atruim

Answer 30

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein

Question 31

Define

Mitral valve

Answer 31

To ensure one-dierection blood flow from the left airtuim into the left ventricle

Question 32

Define

Aortic valve

Answer 32

To ensure one-dierection blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta

Question 33

Define

Left ventricle

Answer 33

Pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta to every single cell in the body

Question 34

Define

Septum

Answer 34

Seven-layered wall of muscle seperating each ventricle

Question 35

Composition of

Blood(per microliter)

Answer 35

• Plasma=55%
• Red blood cells=42.5%
• Oxygen(arteries)=2.4%
• White blood cells+Platelets=Less than 1%

Question 36

Amount

Blood in human body

Answer 36

5L

Question 37

List

Heart cycle

Answer 37

1. Blood enters the right atrium: Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava, filling the right atrium12.(Diatolic)
2. Blood moves to the right ventricle: The right atrium contracts, pushing blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle12.(Systoilic)
3. Blood is pumped to the lungs: The right ventricle contracts, sending blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide12(Systoilic)
4. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart: Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins, filling the left atrium12.(Diatolic)
   Blood is pumped to the body: The left atrium contracts, pushing blood through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. The left ventricle then contracts, sending blood through the aortic valve into the aorta, which distributes it throughout the body12.(Systoilic)

Question 38

List

10 most common circuitatory dieseases

Answer 38

6. Atherosclerosis: This is the hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to the buildup of fatty deposits called plaques. It can lead to high blood pressure, heart attacks, and strokes1.
7. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction): Occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart is blocked, often by a blood clot, causing damage to the heart muscle1.
8. Mitral Valve Prolapse: This condition involves the mitral valve bulging out or prolapsing, which can prevent it from closing properly1.
9. Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Happens when the mitral valve does not close completely, causing blood to flow backward into the heart1.
10. Mitral Stenosis: This is the narrowing of the mitral valve, which can restrict blood flow through the heart1.
11. Angina Pectoris: Characterized by chest pain due to insufficient blood flow to the heart. It can feel like a crushing sensation in the chest1.
12. Arrhythmia and Dysrhythmia: These terms refer to irregular heartbeats. Arrhythmia means “no rhythm,” while dysrhythmia means “abnormal rhythm”1.
13. Cardiac Ischemia: This condition occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t get enough oxygen-rich blood, often causing chest pain similar to a heart attack1.
14. Aneurysms: These are weak spots in the walls of arteries that can expand and potentially rupture. They can occur in various arteries, including the aorta and brain2.
15. Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD): Affects the arteries that supply blood to the limbs, often causing pain and mobility issues3.