Statistic and QC part 4

Question 1

Arithmetic Checks:

- Defintion

Answer 1

error that occur when numbers are not entered correctly or calculations are not completed

Question 2

Arithmetic Checks:

- examples

Answer 2

summation of leukocyte differential components to the proper total, summation of the components of isoenzyme percentages or protein fractionation, or dilution or excretion calculations

Question 3

Arithmetic Checks:

- general description of the process

Answer 3

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Question 4

Arithmetic Checks:

- corrective actions if checks fail

Answer 4

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Question 5

Arithmetic Checks:

- why this is important in the laboratory

Answer 5

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Question 6

Delta Checks:

- Defintion

Answer 6

process of comparing differences or “deltas” between consecutive lab results for the same patient. Delta values defend as a unit change or a percentage change

Question 7

Delta Checks:

- examples

Answer 7

value which exceeds limits indicates either larger than expected change in values from the patient or an error in one of the two results used to derive the delta value.

Question 8

Delta Checks:
- general description of the process to determine range of concentrations to use for delta check based on limit change - determine range of concentrations to use based on percentage change

Answer 8

• first value is used and the unit change is applied(+/- x mg/dL, etc)
• first value is multiplied by percentage change, thus determining the correct range

Question 9

Delta Checks:

- corrective actions if checks fail

Answer 9

Testing should be repeated when delta limit is exceeded and the specimen identification should be verified

Question 10

Delta Checks:

- why this is important in the laboratory

Answer 10

caused by specimen mix-up and misidentification of samples and infrequently due to large analytical error

Question 11

Limits Checks:

- Defintion

Answer 11

involve investigation values that are beyond reference intervals or are not consistent with the serval of life.

Question 12

Limits Checks:

- examples

Answer 12

1. clerical errors
2. short sampling or clot formation
3. improper identification of fluid that is analyzed
4. improper specimen collection (from IV lines)

Question 13

Limits Checks:

- general description of the process

Answer 13

Results are checked to see if they are physiologically possible, but associated with serious or life-threatening conditions.

Question 14

Limits Checks:

- corrective actions if checks fail

Answer 14

Absurd results should be rechecked and, if necessary, new specimens obtained

Question 15

Limits Checks:

- why this is important in the laboratory

Answer 15

Panic, critical, or alert levels are possible due to life-threatening conditions OR lab error so testing should be repeated first, if results repeat, the physician should be immediately notified

Question 16

Physiological relationship Checks:

• AKA
• Defintion

Answer 16

• multivariate checks or cluster analysis

- interrelationships among different tests are compared with acceptable limits

Question 17

Physiological relationship Checks:

- examples

Answer 17

• anion gap (deviations outside range are due either to electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities or lab error)
• red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell indices

Question 18

Physiological relationship Checks:

- general description of the process

Answer 18

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Question 19

Physiological relationship Checks:

- corrective actions if checks fail

Answer 19

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Question 20

Physiological relationship Checks:

- why this is important in the laboratory

Answer 20

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