Beckman Immage 800 nephelometer

Question 1

Discuss the principle of the immage nephelometer

Answer 1

in vitro quantitation of proteins and therapeutic drugs by rate of nephelometer.

Question 2

List three causes of an increased CSF albumin

Answer 2

-bacterial meningitis, trauma, Guillan barre syndrome

Question 3

List three causes of an increased CSF IgG index, noting the cause that is the most prevalent.

Answer 3

-Multiple sclerosis, CNS inflammation, neurological disorder

Question 4

List a disease that measurement of alapha-1 antitrypsin is used to diagnose.

Answer 4

-juvenile and adult cirrhosis

Question 5

List three conditions associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

Answer 5

-neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, severe protein-losing disorder, pulmonary emphysema

Question 6

Measurement of Antistreptolysin O is routinely used for the diagnosis and management of what two conditions?

Answer 6

-Rheumatic fever and acute GN

Question 7

What is complement?

Answer 7

-a group of serum proteins that destroy infectious agents

Question 8

Decreases in both complement 3 and 4 levels are associated with what general condition?

Answer 8

-immunological disorders

Question 9

what is ceruloplasmin?

Answer 9

-a copper oxidase enzyme that may be important in the regulation of oxidation.

Question 10

List two disorders assessed by measuring ceruloplasmin levels.

Answer 10

-Wilson disease, Meneke’s kinky hair syndrome

Question 11

List three conditions associated with increased serum levels of monoclonal free light chains.

Answer 11

-Malignant plasma cell proliferation (Multiple myeloma), primary amyloidosis, light chain deposition disease

Question 12

list a disease associated with increased serum polyclonal light chains.

Answer 12

-autoimmune dise- lupus erythematosus

Question 13

List two disease associated with increased urinary free light chains

Answer 13

-kidney disease or malignant lymphoproliferative disese such as multiple myeloma

Question 14

What is bence jones protein?

Answer 14

• the monoclonal urinary free light chains associated with lymphoid malignancy.

Question 15

List the function of haptoglobin.

Answer 15

-to transport intravascular free hemoglobin to its degradation sties in the RES

Question 16

List two disease associated with increased levels of haptoglobin

Answer 16

-**

Question 17

Definition of C-reactive protein

Answer 17

-CRP is considered an Acute phase, non specific reactant, to inflammatory processes

Question 18

Where is C-reactive protein synthesized

Answer 18

hepatocytes

Question 19

five factors that initiate C-reactive protein synthesis

Answer 19

-Ag, immune complexes, bacteria, fungi, and trauma

Question 20

Why CRP determinations are useful for patients with both clinical and preclinical cardiac disease?

Answer 20

• Clinical: high levels are associated with higher risk of cardiac disease in future
• preclinical is ability to measure the CRP at low concentration has raised …. to detect early inflammatory.

Question 21

List five indications for performing serum IgA measurements.

Answer 21

-anaphylactic transfusion reaction
recurrent infections
diagnosis fo antaxia telangiectasia
myeloma 
evaluation of progression of IgA myeloma

Question 22

List seven indications for measuring serum IgG

Answer 22

-M. M
autoimmune diseases
sarcoidosis
chronic liver disease
chronic and recurrent infections
lymphoid malignancies
severe combined and variable immunodeficiency

Question 23

List four indivations for measuring serum IgM.

Answer 23

-recurrent, chronic and severe infections

screening for congenital infection ()prenatal cord blood)

Question 24

what is rhematoid factor?

Answer 24

Ab that reacts with the individuals own immunoglobulin