Static Posture

Question 1

Theoretical line of gravity in respect to joints. What happens?

Answer 1

Ankle: Dorsiflex
Knee: Extend

Question 2

Rearfoot posture; What is this photo considered?

Answer 2

Calcaneous relative to tibia
Valgus (seen in photo) - Heel out to side. Low arch
Varus - Heel inward toward midline. High arch

Question 3

Forefoot posture: Varus vs Valgus

Answer 3

Calcenus and toes

Forefoot varus: inverted forefoot relative to calcaneus (top); Pinkie toe down

Forefoot Valgus: everted forefoot relatuve to calcaneus (bottom); Big toe down

Question 4

Forefoot varus =

Answer 4

rearfoot valgus

Question 5

Describe the adaptation

Answer 5

Forefoot varus
- Hallux up
- Result: Pronation during stance of walking

Why?
- For forefoot to make contact with grounf, rearfoot must pronate

Question 6

Describe this change

Answer 6

Forefoot valgus
- Hallux down
- Result: Supination during stance of walking

Why?
- For forefoot to make contact with ground rearfoot must supinate

Question 7

The line of gravity falls ____ to knee center in sagittal plane

How does this effect the knee?

Answer 7

anterior

May lead to hyperextension (Genu-recurvatum)
Closed packed position.
Kinetic Chain: Tight gastroc/soleus

Question 8

Another word for bowlegged

Answer 8

Genu Varum

Knees far apart

Common in OA, due to medial cartilage being worn away leads them to putting force elsewhere.

Question 9

Another word for knock-kneed

Answer 9

genu valgum

knees together

Question 10

What part of the knee is affected by OA?

Answer 10

Medial compartment

Question 11

How do shoes inserts change the force of a knee?

Lateral heel wedge

Answer 11

Promotes pronation

Promote knee valgus. Pressure goes onto lateral condyles in knee valgus.

Knee varus puts pressure on medial condyles

Question 12

Line of gravity falls slightly ________ to greater trochanter in sagittal plane

Answer 12

anterior or posterior

No consensus

Question 13

How do we examine neutral pelvis alignment in the frontal plane?

Answer 13

PSIS levels

Question 14

Hip Transverse plane alignment

Answer 14

Typical (Anterior femoral neck rotation)
Anteverted hip (Toeing in); Ex: Cerebral Palsy
Retroverted hip (Toeing out)

Question 15

What is this called? Why?

Answer 15

Tibial ER torsion compensation

Knee is in, toes are forward. Tibia twisted. Caused by femoral anteversion.

Question 16

Hip abduction contracture

Answer 16

Hip abduction constant contraction

Contralateral limb compensations
- hip abduction
- plantarflexion (of one foot)

Question 17

Hamstring contracture

Answer 17

Posterior Pelvic Rotation
- Hip Extension

Decreased lumbar lordosis

Question 18

Typical Hip Compensations

Answer 18

Weak hip abductors: Swing phase leg
Pelvis anterior and posterior rotations compensate for hip extension and flexion weaknesss

Question 19

Trunk Posture

Answer 19

Cervical Lordosis: Promote a straighter neck
Thoracic Kyphosis: Promote a more neutral shoulder posture to prevent excess force/moment arm
Lumbar lordosis: Change Pelvic Position
Sacral Kyphosis

Question 20

Trunk posture requires _____

Answer 20

Active support from muscles! If not we put strain on ligaments and muscles go quiet.

Question 21

Fusing discs together help ____ but ____ puts stress on bones around the fusion.

Answer 21

Short term
long term

Question 22

Relationship between lordosis and shear

Answer 22

With increased lordosis, shear forces due to gravity increase

Question 23

What has postural control research shown us about children and the elderly?

Answer 23

They rely on somatosensory and vision information for postural control.